Concept explainers
(a)
The force vs. reduction in height curve in open die forging of cylinder for no friction between the flat dies and the specimen.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The initial thickness of the specimen is
The initial radius of the specimen is
The friction coefficient is
Formula used:
The expression for the flow stress is given as,
Here,
The expression for the true strain is given as,
Here,
The expression for the final radius by equating the volume is given as,
The expression for the forging force is given as,
Here,
The expression for the average pressure is given as,
The expression for final height for
The expression for final height for
The expression forfinal height for
The expression for final height for
The expression for final height for
Calculation:
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
Reduction (in ) | Forging force (in ) |
The figure (1) shows the graph between the forging force and reduction in height,
Figure (1)
(b)
The force vs. reduction in height curve in open die forging of cylinder for
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The initial thickness of the specimen is
The initial radius of the specimen is
The friction coefficient is
Formula used:
The expression for the flow stress is given as,
Here,
The expression for the true strain is given as,
Here,
The expression for the final radius by equating the volume is given as
The expression for the forging force is given as,
Here,
The expression for the average pressure is given as,
The expression for final height for
The expression for final height for
The expression forfinal height for
The expression for final height for
The expression for final height for
Calculation:
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
The final height can be calculated as,
The final radius can be calculated as,
The true strain can be calculated as,
The flow stress can be calculated as,
Refer to table 2.2 “Typical values of strength coefficient
The average pressure can be calculated as,
The forging force can be calculated as,
For
Reduction (in ) | Forging force (in ) |
The figure (2) shows the graph between the forging force and reduction in height,
Figure (2)
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