Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 8.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions and the importance of positive and negative ΔG (change in free energy).
Introduction:
The
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What is an endergo reaction?
The following data, presented by G. Bowes and W. L. Ogre in J. Biol. Chem.
(1972) 247:2171-2176, describe the relative rates of incorporation of CO, by
Rubisco under N, and under pure Oz. Decide whether Oz is a competitive or
uncompetitive inhibitor.
[CO] (mM)
Under N2
Under O2
0.20
16.7
10
0.10
12.5
5.6
0.067
8.3
4.2
0.050
7.1
3.2
Why does a pure noncompetitive inhibitor not changethe observed KM?
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- When the following equation of a redox reaction in acidic solution is properly balanced, what are the coefficients for Cr2O72–, Fe2+ H+, Cr3+, Fe3+, and H2O, respectively? __Cr2O72– + __Fe2+ + __H+ --> __Cr3+ + __Fe3+ + __H2O (A) 1, 3, 14, 2, 3, 7; (B) 1, 6, 14, 2, 6, 7; (C) 2, 10, 14, 2, 10, 7; (D) 2, 12, 28, 4, 12, 14arrow_forwardWhat are the possible effects and changes on the Michaelis-Menten equation that can result from competitive, noncompetitive, mixed noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibitors?arrow_forwardDetermine whether or not reaction is a redox reaction. For each redox reaction, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)--------> H2O(l) + KBr(aq)arrow_forward
- Example 14.6 The oxygen requirement for cell growth in glueose can be represented by the following equation (Mateles, 1971) 32NC+8(Nh2)+16(No2) Fx/sM +yo2 – 2.67yc + 1.714YN2 – 8y H2 ro2 = In which ro2 is the oxygen required for each gram of cells produced, N stands for no. of atoms present in each molecule substrate, y stands for mass fractions and M is the MW of the substrate. The yeast cell may be considered to be CH1.800.5NO.2. Calculate rO2 if the yield factor (Yx/s) is 0.46g of cells produced for each gram of substrate consumed.arrow_forwardOzone in the lower atmosphere is a pollutant that can form by the following reaction involving the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons:CH4(g) + 8 O2(g)-------->CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) + 4 O3(g)Use the standard free energies of formation to determine ΔG°rxn for this reaction at 25 °C.arrow_forwardWhat are the measures to inhibit the Maillard reaction in undesirable situations. please explain detailedarrow_forward
- With the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone.arrow_forwardThe following questions are based on the reaction A+ B ↔ C+D shown in Figure 8.1. 1. Which of the following terms best describes the progress of the reaction with respect to free energy change? a) endergonic, ∆G> 0 b) exergonic, ∆G> 0 c) exergonic, ∆G< 0 d) endergonic, ∆G< 0 2. Which of the following in Figure 8.1 remains unchanged by having an enzyme included? a) b b) d c) a d) c 3. The part labeled “C” on the above graph represents a) Energy of activation without enzyme b) Energy of activation with enzyme c) Amount of free energy released d) amount of energy required for the reaction progressarrow_forwardFor the following first-order liquid-phase reversible reaction, where initially only reactant A is present: k₁ AR, k2 Equilibrium constant: K 1) Express the equilibrium conversion rate, Xe, using K, and demonstrate that Xe can be determined using thermodynamic data. 2) Show how the rate constants kl and k2 can be determined experimentally.arrow_forward
- Match each inhibitor with its effect on Michaelis-Menten reactions. Group of answer choices Vmax and apparent Vmax are equal and the apparent Km is greater than Km. The apparent Vmax is less than Vmax and the apparent Km and Km are equal The apparent Vmax and the apparent Km are both lowered to the same degree. The apparent Vmax is less than Vmax and the apparent Km can be either greater than or less than Km.arrow_forwardAll of the following statements are true about the relationships between [S], Km and Vmax EXCEPT: а. As the [S] is increased, v approaches the limiting value, Vmax. b. Km= Vmax/2. The rate of the reaction, v, follows a first order rate equation v = K'[A] and K'= Vmax/Km. The rate of product formed, v, is at Vmax when [S] >> Km. с. d.arrow_forwardBalance each of the following redox reactions occurring in acidic solution. |-(aq)+NO-2(aq)→12(s)+NO(g)l-(aq)+NO2- (aq)→12(s)+NO(g) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. ClO-4(aq)+Cl-(aq)→CIO-3(aq)+CI2(g)CIO4- (aq)+Cl-(aq)→Cİ03-(aq)+Cl2(g) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. NO-3(aq)+Sn2+(aq)→Sn4+(aq)+NO(g)NO3- (aq)+Sn2+(aq)→Sn4+(aq)+NO(g) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.arrow_forward
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