Concept explainers
In Section 9.6, we described how the
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Inquiry into Physics
- The speed of light in any transparent medium is the same as the speed of light in a vacuum. true or false?arrow_forwardA reflecting mirror is made in the shape of the surface of revolution generated by revolving the curve y(x) about the x-axis. In order that light rays emitted from a point source at the origin are reflected back parallel to the x-axis, the curve y(x) must obey Y 2p 1– p2' dy where P = dæ . By solving this equation for x find the curve y(x). [Hint: Make y the subject of the formula and differentiate both sides to get a first order equation in p. Then solve that equation and substitute your solution into the original equation.]arrow_forwardThe speed (V) of light in any transparent material is less than the speed of light c in a vacuum: V (any transparent material) = c /n, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s, n = index of refraction of a transparent material What is the speed of light in alcohol? nalcohol = 1.36arrow_forward
- In the figure, light from ray A refracts from material 1 (n₁ = 1.73) into a thin layer of material 2 (n2 = 1.80), crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3 (n3 = 1.40). (a) What is the value of incident angle BA? (b) If 8A is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? Light from ray B refracts from material 1 into the thin layer, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (c) What is the value of incident angle Og? (d) If Og is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? OB I ng no 121arrow_forwardThe intensity of light I through a lake at a depth of x meters is given by the following formula. dI/dx = (-2.31)I a.) At what depth is the intensity of the light half that of the intensity at the surface, I00? b.) At 5 meters deep, what is the intensity of the light as a fraction of I0? c.) How many meters deep will the intensity of light be 1 percent of the intensity of the light at the surface? Remember that the depth at the surface is x = 0.arrow_forwardA ray is incident upon a reflective surface at an angle of θi=46.8∘ relative to the direction normal to the surface (see image below to help visualize the situation). What is the angle of the reflected ray (θr) relative to the normal direction (in degrees)?arrow_forward
- As sunlight enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it changes direction due to the small difference between the speeds of light in vacuum and in air. The duration of an optical day is defined as the time interval between the instant when the top of the rising Sun is just visible above the horizon andthe instant when the top of the Sun just disappears below the horizontal plane. The duration of the geometric day is defined as the time interval between the instant a mathematically straight line between an observer and the top of the Sun just clears the horizon and the instant this linejust dips below the horizon. (a) Explain which is longer, an optical day or a geometric day. (b) Find the difference between these two time intervals. Model the Earth’s atmosphere as uniform, with index of refraction 1.000 293, a sharply defined upper surface, and depth 8 614 m. Assume the observer is at the Earth’s equator so that the apparent path of the rising and setting Sun is perpendicular to the horizon.arrow_forwardThe speed of light in a vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s. What is the ratio of its speed in water (n = 1.33) to its speed in a vacuum? Enter your answer as a percentagearrow_forwardcompute the index of refraction for the substance where lightpropagates with speed v=2.7 • 10^8 m/s. (Speed of light in vacuum is = 3•10^8 m/s). Calculate to 2 decimal places. I got 1.10arrow_forward
- The sun is 150,000,000 kmkm from earth; its diameter is 1,400,000 kmkm. For a science project on solar power, a student uses a 24-cmcm-diameter converging mirror with a focal length of 51 cmcm to focus sunlight onto an object. This casts an image of the sun on the object. For the most intense heat, the image of the sun should be in focus. What is the intensity of sunlight in the projected image? Assume that all of the light captured by the mirror is focused into the image. Express your answer with the appropriate units.arrow_forwardA standing wave of light in glass (index of refraction = 1.5) is observed to have a distance of 1.0 cm between successive nodes. What is the frequency of light in GHz, to the nearest GHz? Answer:arrow_forwardThe index of refraction of a glass rod is 1.48 at T = 20.0°C and varies linearly with temperature, with a coefficient of 2.50 x 10-5C⁰-1. The coefficient of linear expansion of the glass is 5.00 x 10-6C⁰-1. At 20.0 °C the length of the rod is 2.80 cm. A Michelson interferometer has this glass rod in one arm, and the rod is being heated so that its temperature increases at a rate of 5.00 C°/min. The light source has wavelength λ = 569 nm, and the rod initially is at T = 20.0°C. Part A How many fringes cross the field of view each minute? ΔΝ = Submit ΤΙ ΑΣΦ Request Answer < Return to Assignment Provide Feedback ? fringes/minutearrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning