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- 3. What is the difference between common rich media and defined media?1. In a nutrient broth, where do microorganisms acquire their requirements for mineral elements like Ca, Fe, from? 2. During sterilization, pH of culture media may change. How can this be fixed? 3. How does pH affect the shelf life of unsterilized media?2. What is the cfu/g or cfu/mL in each sample if the following counts were obtained after spread plating on Potato Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol? Mongo bread 221, 257, 292 Melon juice TNTC, TNTC, TNTC Dilution 10-1 59, 41, 30 125, 132, 124 10-2 No growth 19, 17, 15 10-3
- 20 . what type of chemical eliminates microbes by mechanically transporting them away? alcohols halogens surfactants phenolics bleach7. A thermometer reading 75°F is taken out where the temperature is 20°F. The reading is 30°F, 4 minutes later. Find (a) the thermometer reading 7 minutes after the thermometer was brought outside, and (b) the time taken for the reading to drop from 75°F to within a half degree of the air temperature. - end -3. Bome pieces of bread were placed in different.condiions as shown in the table below. Bread Presence of Temperaturs (C) Amount of water light (ml) Yes 20 No No Yes Yes D. No 30 Yes Yes 30 Yes (a) Which piece(s) of bread islare likely to have mould growing on it after one week? Explain your answer. (b) If Tom wanted to find out if the presence of light affected the growth of bread mould, which pieces of bread should he compare? Explain your answer.
- 1. Define Optimum Temperature. 2. Why is the temperature of pasteurization at 60°C? 3. Why are food frozen at a temperature below 0°C?14)(A) Why do gardeners and farmers use compost? (B) Describe the process of creating compost and how it may differ depending on the method employed. (C) List and discuss the 3 most important parameters that need to be accounted for during the general process.1. When do molds usually appear first in bread? 2. Why do you think inhaling mold is bad? (Hint: Mold loves to grow in warm, moist places and will eat just about anything organic)
- 10. Pharmaceutical ingredients are susceptible to microbial attack. Which ONE of the following statements about contamination of a medicine is CORRECT? O Anionic surfactants are generally stable but the alkyl and alkylbenezene sulphonates are readily metabolised. O Humectants, such as sorbitol and glycerol, are readily metabolised when present in a medicine at high concentrations. O Fats and oils are usually attacked when dispersed in non-aqueous formulations. O Sweetening, flavourings and colouring agents are ready substrates for bacteria but in low concentrations are resistant to degradation. O Organic polymers used as thickening agents are subject to microbial polymerisation.1. Why is it the Fluidized Bed Bioreactor is important in the biological wastewater treatment compare to other bioreactors?3. What are the ingredients of a nutrient broth? Enumerate and give purpose of each. Ingredients Peptone Sodium chloride Meat extract B# Yeast extract Agar Purpose