3 Brass cube "p = 8530 kg/m , c= 380 J/kg.°C, k = 110 W/m.°C, a = 33.9E-6 W/m.°C", side length = 9 mm, are annealed by heating them first to 929°C in a furnace and then allowing them to cool slowly to 130°C in ambient air at 28°C. If the average heat transfer coefficient is 17.3 W/m .°C, how long will the annealing process will (seconds)? %3D
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- 3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.A composite plane wall consisting of materials, 1.5-in steel (k = 312 BTU-in/HR.ft2.0F) and 2-in aluminum (k = 1400 BTU-in/HR.ft2.0F), separates a hot gas at Ti = 2000F, hi = 2 BTU/HR.ft2.0F, from cold gas at To = 80 deg F, ho = 5. If the hot fluid is on the aluminum side, find: a) Transmittance, U; b) The heat through 100 sq. ft of the surface under steady state condition and c) The interface temperature at the junction of the metals.8 mm diameter carbon steel (ρ = 7833 kg / m3, k = 54 W / (m K), Cp = 0.466 kJ / (kg K)) ball-shaped balls at 35°C with a temperature of 900°C for annealing heat treatment put in the oven. During this heating process, the coefficient of convection is 40 W / (m2K). The balls are wanted to be brought to a temperature of about 900°C in this oven. When the balls reach 899°C, the heating process is considered sufficient and taken from the oven. a) Find the time required for the balls to reach 899°C. b) After the balls are taken out of the oven, they are left in the ambient temperature and cooled to 100°C. Find the heat released by a ball during this cooling process.
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- Steel balls 12 mm in diameter are annealed by heating to 1100 K and then slowly cooling to 360 K in an air environment for which T. = 325 Kand h = 20 W/m2-K. Assuming the properties of the steel to be k = 40 W/m-K,p = 7800 kg/m, and c = 600 J/kg-K, estimate the time required for the cooling process. The time required for the cooling process isi h.Indirect Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen. You are designing a system to cool an insulated silver plate of dimensions 2.00 cm × 2.00 cm × 0.60 cm. One end of a thermally insulated copper wire (diameter D = 2.70 mm and length L = 18.0 cm) is dipped into a vat of liquid nitrogen (T = 77.2 K), and the other end is attached to the bottom of the silver plate.(a) If the silver plate starts at room temperature (65.0 °F), what is the initial rate of heat flow between the plate and the liquid nitrogen reservoir?(b) Assuming the rate of heat flow calculated in part (a), estimate the temperature of the silver plate after 30.0 seconds.A chromel–constantan thermocouple measuring the temperature of a fluid is connected by mistake with copper–constantan extension leads (such that the two constantan wires are connected together and the copper extension lead wire is connected to the chromel thermocouple wire). If the fluid temperature was actually 250 C and the junction between the thermocouple and extension leads was at 90 C, what e.m.f. would be measured at the open ends of the extension leads if the reference junction is maintained at 0 C? What fluid temperature would be deduced from this (assuming that the connection error was not known)?