Q: Explain using 2-3 sentences the biological significance of the following peptides . Glucagon…
A: Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Peptides are smaller than…
Q: Why are the protein-digesting enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted as the zymogen…
A: The pancreas is made of pancreatic exocrine cells. The ducts are arranged in clusters, these cells…
Q: Name the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What are the sources of these molecules? Under what…
A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for…
Q: How do germinating seeds convert their triacylglycerol reserves to the glucose molecules required in…
A: Triacylglycerols are commonly located in the endosperm or cotyledon tissue of the seeds.…
Q: What is the full regulatory pathway of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase by insulin and…
A: Before going into the whole complex regulatory pathways, you need to know a few basic facts.…
Q: What is the general routes of metabolism and structure-activity relationship of PREDNISOLONE?
A: Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid used to treat adrenocortical insufficiency and inflammatory…
Q: Which of the following is the Haworth Projection of Glucose?
A: The cyclic structure in Haworth projection displays the ring as flat. In the associated Haworth…
Q: Glucose has been found to react nonenzymatically with hemoglobin, through Schiff base formation…
A: Diabetes is a condition that impairs the body's ability to process blood glucose, otherwise known as…
Q: What level of protein structure is hexameric insulin?
A: The pancreas has a very important role in the body. It can function as endocrine as well as…
Q: What is role of insulin in human body?
A: Introduction Glucose is the main source of energy and the simplest carbohydrate which is present in…
Q: Name the genetically engineered human Insulin?
A: The process of artificial modification, manipulation, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid…
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A: The enzyme pyruvate kinase enzyme is known as an important regulatory enzyme. It takes part in…
Q: What are some of the ways thatTAMLs are used?
A: Tetra-amido macrocyclic ligands (TAMLs) constitute a class of macrocyclic ligands. It catalyzes the…
Q: What is an example of a glucocorticoid?
A: A class of corticosteroids that include lipid-soluble compounds known for their immunosuppressive…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of sn-1-stearoyl-2- oleoylglycerophosphorylserine,…
A: sn-1-stearoyl-2- oleoylglycerophosphorylserine is a compound where the phosphatidyl acyl groups…
Q: What are Prostaglandins ? Explain the importance of Prostaglandins ?
A: Prostaglandins are a group of lipids that are synthesized at the site of injury or infection. They…
Q: Write out a mechanism for the serine triad hydrolysis ofglycylglycine.
A: The dipeptide unit of glycine is glycylglycine. Serine proteases are a group of enzymes that contain…
Q: What is the raw material used for human insulin produced using E.coli? What is the stoichiometric…
A: The hormone is the chemical messenger found in living things. It is directly poured into the blood…
Q: True or False. Do all reducing sugars produce a positive result in an Osazone test?
A: Reducing sugars: a. Reducing sugars are identified by the part of the molecule that contains the…
Q: What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of…
A: Protein function is directly related to the structure of that protein. A protein's specific shape…
Q: Explain why the amino acid tryptophan is both ketogenicand glucogenic.
A: The amino acid is the organic acid that contains alpha carboxyl group, alpha amino group, hydrogen…
Q: One metabolic scenario that leads to insulin resistance is the elevation of the…
A: Insulin resistance is defined as the inactivity of insulin in its target cells. The examples of…
Q: What peptides are expected to be produced when the A chain of bovine insulin (Figure 5.16) is…
A: Protein is a polymer of amino acids connected together via peptide bond. It may have one or multiple…
Q: With respect to glycogen, what is the likely fate of excess glucose 6-phosphate in muscle?
A: The process of glycolysis in which the glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvate along with…
Q: What is the function of GLUT4?
A: Among the various homeostatic occasions kept up by the human body, the blood glucose level is a…
Q: Why is the malate–aspartate shuttle system important for gluconeogenesis?
A: Malate aspartate shuttle or malate shuttle performs in the outerside membrane of mitochondria.
Q: Why does a young mouse maintained on a diet deficient in methionine fail to thrive unless choline is…
A: Methionine is an important antioxidant and prevents the body from radiation and also harmful…
Q: What is the logic behind high levels of arginine positivelyregulating N-acetylglutamate synthase?
A: The urea cycle is the biochemical reaction cycle that leads to the production of urea from ammonia…
Q: f a commercially available insulin preparation contains 1 ppm of proinsulin, how many micrograms of…
A: Glucose is a carbohydrate, which provides instant energy to the body for carrying out the various…
Q: Individuals with phenylketonuria cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Why don’t these…
A: Inborn errors of metabolism are uncommon hereditary (inherited) disorders in which the body can't…
Q: What is the cAMP phosphodiesterase?
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: What are the thioesters in the reaction catalyzed by PDH complex?
A: Thioesters in the reaction catalysed by PDH Complex are : Acetyllipoamide AcetylCoenzyme A
Q: Is AMP an allosteric inhibitor or activator of glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle or liver
A: Muscle glycogen phosphorylase: AMP act as activator of glycogen phosphorylase -a form (active form)…
Q: How is tetrahydrofolate important to purine synthesis?
A: Purines are the nitrogenous bases that form two different kinds of nucleotide bases in RNA and DNA.…
Q: What do you observe about similarities and differences in terms of secondary and tertiary structures…
A: Chymotrypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas which becomes activated in the small intestine.
Q: What is the source of Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?
A: Second messengers are molecules that are primarily responsible for relaying the signal received by…
Q: hat are the physiological effects of prostaglandins, explain how aspirin can block the synthesis of…
A: Introduction: Prostaglandins are a group of closely related biologically active lipids, that are…
Q: What is an example of a biomolecule that interacts with Insulin? Please give a detailed explanation…
A: Hormones are chemical messengers that transmit instructions from one cell to another. They are the…
Q: Explain why people with a hereditary deficiency of carnitine acyltransferase II have muscle…
A: Carnitine acyltransferase II is a mitochondrial membrane protein which is transported mitochondrial…
Q: What are the physiochemical properties of terazosin? With illustration
A: Terazosin is a commonly used medication in case of enlarged prostate to relax muscles of the…
Q: Can a pregnant cocker spaniel (dog) synthesize prostaglandin E2 from the dietary glucose? Yes or No.…
A: Prostaglandin E2 is considered a hormone, which plays a key role to induce labor during pregnancy.…
Q: If both cysteine residues on the B chain of insulin were changes to alanine residues, how…
A: Insulin is made up of two chains A chain and B chain. Both the chains are linked together by two…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine by the de novo pathway,…
A: Phospholipids are a class of lipids that consist of two fatty acyl molecules which are esterified at…
Q: What is the product of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity?
A: The cAMP is a cyclic nucleotide that acts as a second messenger in biochemical signaling.…
Q: What are three heterotropic allosteric regulators of glycogen phosphorylase? Describe their effects.
A: One of the phosphorylase enzymes is Glycogen Phosphatase. Glycogen phosphorylase releases…
Q: What is the CAMP phosphodiesterase?
A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are four important biological macromolecules with…
Q: Describe the functions of glutathione within cells.
A: Glutathione is a Tripeptide that was linked by a gamma peptide linkage between the carboxyl group of…
By what the two polypeptides of human insulin are linked together?
Insulin is peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic cells that is responsible for reduction of blood sugar level in human body.
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- What peptides are expected to be produced when the A chain of bovine insulin (Figure 5.16) is cleaved by (a) chymotrypsin, or (b) trypsin, or (c) carboxypeptidase A?What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of insulin and its three-dimensional structure?Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physiologicalrole of chymotrypsinogen:(a) R15S(b) C1S(c) T147S
- 64 An investigator is studying the mechanism of action of an insulin-sensitizing drug. The addition of the drug to cultured mouse hepatocytes is observed, and results show increased phosphorylation and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following processes is most likely inhibited by this action of the drug? A) Fatty acid oxidation B) Fatty acid synthesis C) Glycogen synthesis D) Glycolysis E) Protein synthesiswhat linkage does glycogen synthase catalyzes?What are the thioesters in the reaction catalyzed by PDH complex?