Consider an ecological network consisting of three interconnected habitats (A B C A). Ecologists want to model the occupancy dynamics of a particular species "Species" across these habitats over time using a discrete time discrete state stochastic process. State Space: State 0: Species X is absent from all habitats. State 1: Species X is present in Habitat A State 2 : Species X is present in Habitat B. State 3: Species X is present in Habitat C. State 4: Species X is present in Habitats A&B State 5: Species X is present in Habitats A&C. State 6: Species X is present in Habitats B&C. State 7: Species X is present in All Habitats. Transition Probabilities: Rule 1: The probability of colonizing an adjacent habitat is 0.2. Rule 2: The probability of extinction from a habitat is 0.15. Rule 3: The probability of recolonization of a random habitat is 0.1 A) Draw a schematic diagram of the Markov Process illustrating states and transitions. Define the transition rate matrix forthis discrete time discrete

Consider an ecological network consisting of three interconnected habitats (A B C A). Ecologists want to model the occupancy dynamics of a particular species "Species" across these habitats over time using a discrete time discrete state stochastic process. State Space: State 0: Species X is absent from all habitats. State 1: Species X is present in Habitat A State 2 : Species X is present in Habitat B. State 3: Species X is present in Habitat C. State 4: Species X is present in Habitats A&B State 5: Species X is present in Habitats A&C. State 6: Species X is present in Habitats B&C. State 7: Species X is present in All Habitats. Transition Probabilities: Rule 1: The probability of colonizing an adjacent habitat is 0.2. Rule 2: The probability of extinction from a habitat is 0.15. Rule 3: The probability of recolonization of a random habitat is 0.1 A) Draw a schematic diagram of the Markov Process illustrating states and transitions. Define the transition rate matrix forthis discrete time discrete

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter41: Community Ecology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13SA

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Name: Kathryn Laverty Date: Biology Introduced Species Directions: Write a short response for each of the following scenarios, describing the effect of the invasive species on ecosystem based on the information in the corresponding graphs. In your responses, please use complete sentences with proper grammar and spelling. 1. This graph comes from a study on the effects of European green crabs on the food web in Bodega Bay Harbor, California. 300 Response: 250 Wi 200 0 European Green Crabs Clams Crabs Year 2. The following graphs give information about the populations of Burmese pythons and mammals in the Florida Everglades. 400 SOME ANIMALS ON THE DECLINE IN EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK 350 Crabs (no./trap) Clams (no./core) European Green Crabs (no./50m²)
Ecology and Biology: Shannon Diversity Index: Definition & Example The Shannon Diversity Index (sometimes called the Shannon-Wiener Index) is a way to measure the diversity of species in a community. Denoted as H, this index is calculated as: H = -Σpi * ln(pi) where: Σ: A Greek symbol that means “sum” ln: Natural log pi: The proportion of the entire community made up of species i The higher the value of H, the higher the diversity of species in a particular community. The lower the value of H, the lower the diversity. A value of H = 0 indicates a community that only has one species. The Shannon Equitability Index is a way to measure the evenness of species in a community. The term “evenness” simply refers to how similar the abundances of different species are in the community. Denoted as EH, this index is calculated as: EH = H / ln(S) where: H: The Shannon Diversity Index S: The total number of unique species What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community? What…
1) Which of the following defines the niche of a species? The role of a species in its community as well as the conditions it requires and the interactions it takes part in All populations of all species in some area The type of environment in which a species lives The number of species and their relative abundance within a community 2) Which of the following is an example of a biological factor that can affect community structure? Tropical regions support a high species diversity by receiving the most sunlight energy. The high temperatures of desert regions limit which species can live there. A plant species can live only in regions with a suitable level of rainfall. An insect herbivore inhibits the population growth of a tree species. 3)Which of the following prey defensive adaptations involves two or more prey species coming to resemble one another? Camouflage Startle displays…
A(n) community is a group of species that occupy the same area. When studying the diversity of a group of species, ecologists use two measures: One is a count of the total number of species in the area, which is called The other is a measure of how common the species are, compared to each other, which is called
You are comparing species diversity between four different habitats: which of the following habitats is the most diverse? Habitat A has 15 species total, with approximately equal representation across all species Habitat B has 15 species total, and is dominated by two of its fifteen species Habitat C has 3 species total, with approximately equal representation across all species Habitat D has 3 species total, and is dominated by one of its three species Habitats A and B are equally diverse
According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot exist together if they occupy the same niche. Either they diverge their niches so they can coexist or one species will die out.All of the following are consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion EXCEPT Select one: a. Birds and bats both consume flying insects, but birds are active in the day and bats are active at night. b. Two species that share the same niche will exclude other competing species. c. Different bird species forage for insects in different parts of the same tree. d. When two species of Paramecium are grown in the same medium, one strain will eventually eliminate its competitor.
The figure below shows the growth of two species in two habitats, both when the other species is present and when it is absent. What kind of interaction is occurring between these two species? (Consider both habitats, not just the interaction within one particular habitat.) Answer choices: A. Mutualism B. Conditional C. Commensalism D. Competition E. Parasitism
In landscape ecology, the matrix is the area surrounding a habitat patch. The matrix can affect a species living in the habitat patch by altering: O A. Dispersal between patches B. The availability of resources C. The abiotic environment in patches D. Our appreciation of Keanu Reeves' acting skills E. A, B and C are correct
Two species of bird live in the same tree. Seeds only grow at the tops of the tree and insects only live at the bottom of the tree. Bird species A lives in the tops of the trees and eats both insects and seeds. Bird species B lives in the bottom of the tree and only eats insects. Which of the following describes why these two species live together in the same community? Group of answer choices Species A and Species B have the same fundamental niche. Species A and Species B have the same realized niche. Species A and Species B have a different fundamental niche. Species A and Species B have a different realized niche.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the competitive exclusion concept? a. multiple species can’t share the exact same niche within a community b. the realized niche of a species is different from its fundamental niche. c. competition within a population results in the success of the best-adapted individuals. d. two species cannot coexist within the same habitat.
Imagine a community of organisms in a forest is affected by a chemical spill that leads to a fire. The fire is contained and burns out and the chemical spill is cleaned up. Monitoring of the plant community following this disturbance researchers noticed that after the spill and fire there was a sharp drop in species diversity, abundance, and richness. Over the next 5 years the area was monitored. The community's diversity, abundance, and richness all increased slightly during the first year however after the first year only the abundance went up during the following 4 years with no changes in any other area. Which of the following models explains these patterns? Restructured Gradual recovery Hangover effect Eliminated
Which of the following statements is/are consistent with the Intermediate disturbance hypothesis? Species diversity is maximized in areas that experience high levels of disturbance Areas with low levels of disturbance will be dominated by K selected species Decades of suppression in California has likely increased diversity in our national forests Areas with intermediate levels of disturbance will have the lowest levels of diversity