F L-carnitine in fatty acid metabolism is
Q: Would glucose be an inhibitor of fructose? Why?
A: Glucose: Glucose is a monosaccharide, is a major carbohydrate present in table sugar, starch and…
Q: Some amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic. Explain the difference between the two types and…
A: Amino acids are known as the building blocks of proteins. There are total 20 essential amino acids.…
Q: Identify the 3 reducing equivalents associated with lipid metabolism.
A: Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells,
Q: Why does a deficiency of carbohydrates in the diet lead to ketone body formation?
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy ketone or polyhydroxy aldehyde or compounds which produce them on…
Q: Why are thioesters considered high-energycompounds?
A: Energy-rich compounds in cells comprise five kinds of high-energy bonds: phosphoanhydride, acyl…
Q: The acceptable percentage of energy from Omega 3 fatty acids may be:
A: Hello, as your question has many parts, we will only answer the first part for you and if you want…
Q: what effect does the phosphate group have on glucose
A: Introduction Glucose has the chemical formula C6H12O6 and is a simple sugar. The most abundant…
Q: Which is an ACTIVATOR of fatty acid biosynthesis O epinephrine O citrate O glucagon O palmityoyl CoA
A: Fatty acid synthesis is the formation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH by the action enzymes…
Q: What is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis? O Propionyl CoA Acetyl CoA O Succinyl CoA O…
A: Fatty acid synthesis: a. Fatty acids are synthesized and degraded by different pathways. b. The…
Q: Identify whether the fatty acid is essential or non-essential: HO, O Non-essential Fatty Acid O…
A: Fatty acids are the simplest form of lipids and serve as constituents in a large number of complex…
Q: Briefly describe the action of glucagons on free fatty acids
A: Hormones are the messengers that transmit signals from one to another. They bind to another cell…
Q: What do you mean by fatty acid synthase?
A: According to the question, we have to provide information on fatty acid synthase. So, let us have a…
Q: Vitamin ____________________ is a component of Coenzyme A.
A: Vitamins are the substances that our body need on minute quanitities.they help us to grow and…
Q: Discuss galactose metabolism.
A: Galactose metabolism : It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells of the liver. Galactose gets metabolized…
Q: Explain the difference between the glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids? How does the body used them…
A: Amino acids are organic compounds with two functional group- amino group and carboxyl group. Carboxl…
Q: Describe the effects of a diet that includes large amounts of fructose.
A: Fructose was a natural fruit sugar .it was a keto hexose ,monosaccharide found in many plants .it…
Q: It has been stated many times that fatty acids cannot yield a net gain in carbohydrates. Why can…
A: Fatty acids are biomolecules made up of lipid and carboxylic acids. They can be saturated or…
Q: Explain why the amino acid tryptophan is both ketogenicand glucogenic.
A: The amino acid is the organic acid that contains alpha carboxyl group, alpha amino group, hydrogen…
Q: Describe the role of insulin in lipid metabolism.
A: Insulin was an endocrine hormone which plays a major role in regulation the body metabolism by…
Q: Given the question as what os the role of L- carnitine in fatty acid metabolism, what is the correct…
A: The beta-oxidation of the fatty acids involves three stages. Activation of fatty acids- occurs in…
Q: Describe the role of glutamine and glutamate in amino acid metabolism.
A: Amino groups of most of the amino acids are transferred to α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate this is…
Q: How does insulin contribute in regulation of fatty acid metabolism?
A: Fatty acids are the simplest form of lipids and they serve as the constituent in a large number of…
Q: Which amino acid degradation will not support gluconeogenesis? Ala Cys O Trp Leu Thr
A: Amino acids are chemical compounds that serve as the monomers of proteins. They consist of a…
Q: Draw the reactions that convert fructose into glycolyticintermediates.
A: Fructose is dietary monosaccharides that were naturally found in fruits , vegetables as free or in…
Q: How much ATP is required to synthesize one molecule of a fatty acid C12:07 Please enter a number.
A: A fatty acid gives energy through the oxidation process it releases the highest amount of energy in…
Q: What is the role of bicarbonate in fatty acid synthesis?
A: A fatty acid can be defined as carboxylic acids along with a long aliphatic chain that could be…
Q: which is incorrect regarding fatty acid biosynthesis on the given statements?
A:
Q: Under severe starvation conditions, people develop “acetonebreath.” Explain.
A: Starvation is the condition in which there is no intake of food in the body. The body slowly gets…
Q: Ketone bodies are used as an alternative source of fuel during starvation. Describe how ketones are…
A: The process of the formation of ketone bodies is collectively termed as ketogenesis. They are…
Q: Would you expect insulin to increase or decrease the activity of the enzyme ATP-citrate lyase?
A: The insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of pancreatic islets. The insulin is…
Q: Lysine is degraded to acetoacetyl-CoA then to acetyl-CoA, and is described as a _______ amino…
A: Lysine and arginine are broken down into acetoacetyl CoA and Acetyl CoA respectively. The process…
Q: Are There Other Ways to Oxidize Fatty Acids?
A: Beta oxidation is the main process through which the oxidation of fatty acids occurs. The main site…
Q: Before a fatty acid can undergo B-oxidation it must be:
A: Beta-Oxidation: Beta-oxidation is a catabolic process in which fatty acid molecules are broken down…
Q: Differentiate between ketogenic amino acids and glucogenic amino acids
A: Amino acids are the organic acids that contain a single alpha carbon to which different substituents…
Q: All of the following are substrate for gluconeogenesis, except- A. Glucogenic amino acids B. Lactate…
A: Gluconeogenesis is the process generation of glucose from some non carbohydrate substrate.
Q: How would a lack of carbohydrates affect the processing of fats by β-oxidation?
A: The rate of fatty acid oxidation changes in response to the nutritional and hormonal state of the…
Q: Write down the beta oxidation pathway of fatty acid metabolism.
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process of fatty acid molecules break down to produce energy. The long…
Q: What is a ketogenic amino acid? Give three examples.
A: Introduction : Amino acids combine to form proteins. Its basic structure includes: amino group…
Q: Identify whether the fatty acid is essential or non-essential: HO. O Essential Fatty Acid O…
A: The given acid is 18 carbon fatty acid with 1 double bond at 9th position.
Q: Where are ketone bodies synthesized? O liver O brain O adipose tissue O muscle
A: Ketone bodies are the alternative source of energy for the brain during prolonged fasting. Ketone…
Q: What are the benefits of essential fatty acids consumption?
A: As popularly believed,that in order to lose weight,one have to eliminate fat form the…
Q: Determine the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids.
A: Amino acids are organic acids with a single alpha carbon to which various substituents such as an…
Q: Explain how fatty acid metabolism is regulated
A: Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty…
Q: Acetyl CoA is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis, the sources of acetyle coA are
A: Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. Fatty acid biosynthesis starts with activation of…
Q: The carrier of carbon dioxide in fatty acid synthesis is____________________.
A: The formation of the fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH refers to fatty acid synthesis. The…
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- Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of isocitrate into ketoglutarate succinyl CoA into succinate fumarate into malate malate into oxaloacetate
- Comparing Glycolysis Entry Points for Sucrose Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose + Pi fructose + glucose-1-phosphate Invertase: Sucrose + H20 fructose + glucose Would either of these reactions offer Jin advantage over the other In the preparation of hexoses fur entry into glycolysis?Which of the following is NOT part of the multi-enzyme complex of fatty acid synthase? O enoyl-ACP reductase O acetyl CoA carboxylase O 3-hydroxybutyrylACP-dehydratese O B-ketoacyl-ACP reductaseIn the beta oxidatiin pathway when the starting fatty acid contains n carbons what is the priduct of the enzyme acyl-CoA sythetase assume the starting saturated fatty acud contains n carbons and n is an even number
- In the first cycle of fatty acid synthesis via the acyl carrier protein system, the acetyl group on fatty acid synthase condenses with the malonyl-ACP complex. Draw the structure of the products of this reaction. Respresent ACP by R1 do not include free synthase Be sure to include charges on atoms at Ph=7The function of the enzyme acyl CoA synthetase is ATP-dependent activation of fatty acids using CoA O ATP-dependent reduction prior to activation O lipolysis to release free glyceraldehyde O for UDP activation isomerization of C=C in unsaturated fatty acidsFatty acid synthesis is largely the reverse of beta oxidation, yet there are some distinct differences. From the statements below, which of the following is inaccurateconcerning fatty acid metabolism? Both processes use mobile electron carriers Both beta oxidation and fatty acid synthase use a carrier group The first step in fatty acid degradation pathway and biosynthetic pathway are regulated C2 unit of acetyl moiety is used in both fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis Both processes occur in a unique, specific location (Compartmentalization)
- Draw the product of the reaction of acetyl CoA with CO2 catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase in the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. Drawing SCOA Q acetyl-COA carboxylase biotin cofactor HCO3, ATP ADP, Pi, H*Before a fatty acid can undergo B-oxidation it must be: O Transport of the FA into the mito. matrix O Hydrolysis of the carboxyl group from the FA O Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA Activation of the FA with Coenzyme A O Oxidation of the FA yielding a A2-enoyl intermediateCompare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseOutline the mechanisms of both enzymes. Discuss the functions of the coenzymes. List the similarities and the differences between the 2 enzymes. Both are very large membrane bound complexes. What are the advantages of this strategy?Do a bit or research on the structure one of these enzymes. (include one recent reference) – How detailed is the enzyme structure known? What insight(s) does this structural detail give you about the enzyme mechanism.
