oxidative phosphorylation
Q: What is the effect on the electron transport chain (ETC) if a mutation in the pyruvate carrier…
A: Pyruvate carrier protein or pyruvate translocase is involved in transport of pyruvate from the…
Q: toxicity of cyanide (CN-) results from its binding to the iron atoms of the cytochrome aa3 (complex…
A: The toxicity of cyanide (CN-) results from its binding to the iron atoms of the cytochrome aa3…
Q: Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow…
A: The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers through which the electrons are…
Q: In beta oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, ubiquinone (via FAD / FADH2) from the respiratory…
A: Beta oxidation is the sequential removal of two carbon fragments from the carboxylic end of the…
Q: electron transport chain,
A: The ETC stands for Electron transport chain process that occurs in the mitochondria. It helps to…
Q: Mutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would…
A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .
Q: Ison, asse oxygen; (4) ATP synthase; and finally, do you predict it to be fatal to humans?. 1.…
A: Cyanide poisoning occurs from exposure to any forms of Cyanide. A range of serious symptoms like…
Q: 21) Compute the moles of FADH2, NADH, GTP generated and NADPH consumed in the dissimilation of one…
A: Lipids are easily soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, ether,…
Q: Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Name these…
A: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen…
Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…
A: Please report to the second half of the question which is the electron flow during photosynthesis…
Q: YA) All of the following satisfy the requirements of Complex V oxidative phosphorylation, EXCEPT…
A: The reduced electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 are produced as a byproduct of glycolysis. The…
Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…
A:
Q: The coenzyme NAD+ or NADH has the following characteristics (Choose all that apply) O oxidizes…
A: NAD+ and NADH are coenzymes that are commonly used for redox reaction sin biochemistry.…
Q: For each of the following experiments, tell me whether you would expect the rate of O₂ consumption…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized and is also coupled to the…
Q: 4. (a) courses (such as this one) that NADH produced through glycoly- H °H sis in the cytosol can be…
A: NADH is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, present in all living cells. It acts as the coenzyme.…
Q: Pyruvate Oxidation enters the mitochondrion from the cytoplasm. One 2 atom is removed via 3 and 4 is…
A: Cell is the structural and functional unit of life which carries various tasks and activities for…
Q: Explain in ( Claim , Evidence ,reason ) An electron carrier is added to mitochondria that will take…
A: The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions,…
Q: 13. Protein complex in the inner mitochondrial cytochrome ubiquinone FOF1 membrane that allows H' to…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the…
Q: calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant…
A: The free energy change (∆G) per mole for the protons through the inner membrane of the mitochondria…
Q: 26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this…
A: NOTE: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts so we will be solving the first three…
Q: In the human skeletal muscle, amino acids can be used as fuel for ATP production when glucose is in…
A: Introduction The human skeletal muscles when in need of energy, can use amino acids as a source by…
Q: Oxidative Phosphorylation (Ch. 19) 1. The NADH dehydrogenase complex of the mitochondrial…
A: NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) dehydrogenase is the first complex in the electron…
Q: a. How will DCCD affect mitochondrial electron transport? b. What might you expect to happen when a…
A: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) is an oxidative-phosphorylation inhibitor. It inhibits the coupled…
Q: All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (?′°E′° for NAD+/NADH is…
A:
Q: Activity of the respiratory electron transport chain: a. oxidizes pyruvate to acetyl CoA b. produces…
A: The electron transport chain is a progression of protein molecules and different particles that move…
Q: (A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial…
A: Given,△G = RTlnKeq. Also given that pH of IMS is 1.4 units lower than pH of the matrix. R =…
Q: As glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules, the link reaction occurs twice per…
A: Glycolysis is the process of complete oxidation of glucose resulting in the formation of 2 pyruvate…
Q: You experiementally apply the compund antimyctin, which inhinits the functioning of complex III,…
A: Antimycin is a metabolite that Streptomyces synthesizes. It inhibits cellular respiration by…
Q: The barbituate drug amytal inhibits complex I from passing electrons to Coenzyme Q. Circle your…
A: According to the question, the barbiturate drug Amytal inhibits the complex I from passing electrons…
Q: Suppose you are planning experiments to measure oxygen consumption in a preparation of inverted…
A: Given: NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and…
Q: Concerning the use of pyruvate when ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low, what is the fate of the carbon…
A: Pyruvate: A three-carbon compound is the product formed when glucose is catabolized through the…
Q: When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield…
A: Ion transfer across the membrane is mediated by an ionophore. Ions are shielded from the lipophilic…
Q: The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexesvary…
A: Electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation deals with the transport of electron from one…
Q: 3. DNP: allows protons (H+) to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane (between matrix and…
A: A gradient is formed when something is more in magnitude at one place whereas relatively less at…
Q: The FoF,ATP Synthase has an Fo subunit which OA isa transmembrane proton transport channel. OB…
A: The use of proton motive force for ATP synthesis is catalyzed by ATP synthase. The multiprotein ATP…
Q: Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) in the inner mitochondrialmembrane catalyzes the…
A: The nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is an enzyme which catalyzes the redox reaction…
Q: 25. The following graph illustrates the consumption of oxygen in a mitochondrial preparation. Draw,…
A: Since we are entitled to answer first three subparts of the question, we’ll answer the part a-c as…
Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative…
A: Electron transport chain (ETC): It is a series of four protein complexes that create an…
Q: The toxicity of cyanide (CN-) results from its binding to the iron atoms of the cytochrome aa3…
A: Asked : Reason of cyanide–iron complex prevent oxygen from accepting electrons from the electron…
Q: In oxidative phosphorylation.... 1. Succinate contributes 2e- to Complex II and 2H+ to the…
A: Oxidative Phosphorylation: the pricess of transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron…
Q: . FAD is a stronger oxidant than NAD*; FAD has a higher standard reduction potential than NAD*. Yet…
A: In the mitochondrial matrix of the cell, oxidation of the pyruvate occurs, which is oxidized to form…
Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…
Q: Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L,…
A: Acetyl-CoA is produced by the breakdown of both carbohydrates and lipids. It then enters the citric…
Q: dentify a metabolic pathway associated with the enzymes localized in the mitochondrial matrix. a.…
A: The pyruvate molecules formed at the end of the glycolysis are transported into mitochondria in…
Q: Describe the movement of protons that is caused by the action of the mitochondrial electron…
A: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and ETC all are interconnected processes. Respiration is an oxidative…
Q: Which statement is correct in describing the electron transport chain (ETC)? Electron transfer in…
A: All cells require energy (ATP) to carry out various cellular processes, such as active transport,…
Q: In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed the drug DNP (dinitrophenol) to help patients lose weight.…
A: Inner mitochondrial membrane contains groups of electron and proton transporting enzymes. In each…
Q: ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: O ADP-ATP antiport…
A: During oxidative phosphorylation, ADP and inorganic phosphate get converted into ATP. This occurs…
Q: Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport system are similar in that: (READ THESE ANSWER…
A: The electron transport chain is a group of protein complexes that use redox reactions to transfer…
Q: sult in favoring the oxygenation actions over the carboxylation actions catalysed by Rubisco
A: Rubisco stands for Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. It is a copper-containing…
In oxidative phosphorylation (mark all that are true)...
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- What is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation? 1. Protons carried across the membrane by a molecule of dinitrophenol 2. Protons are transported along with ADP by the ATP/ADP translocase.3. Protons enter the half channel in subunit a facing the inter membrane space and exit via the half channel facing the mitochondrial matrix. Choose 1 correct answer explain? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionIn oxidative phosphorylation.... 1. Succinate contributes 2e- to Complex II and 2H+ to the mitochondrial proton gradient. 2. NADH in the matrix passes 2 e- to coenzyme Q via Complex I. 3. Complexes I, II, III, and IV each contribute to the matrix proton gradient. 4. O2 stabilizes the catalytically active conformation of Complex V. 5. Reversible protonation of c subunits leads to rotation of the Complex V gamma subunit. 6. Each β subunit can bind ATP tightly under the right conditions. 7. For every 3 protons that pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane, 1 ATP is produced. Choose all options that are true.Look at the diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain below and answer the questions that follow Ubiquinone Membrane Z Complex I Complex III Y Complex I| Succinate Fumarate H,0 NAD NADH There are 2 names for the component in the orange circle labelled Y, they are: and The name of the component X in the red circle is The membrane labelled Z is the membrane Which component accepts electrons from complex 1?
- Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport system are similar in that: (READ THESE ANSWER CHOICES CAREFULLY!) a Both give their electrons to Complex I. b Both give their electrons directly to Ubiquinone (CoQ). c Both require Ubiquinone, Complex III, Cytochrome C, and Complex IV, ultimately resulting in reduction of O2 d Both result in pumping of H+ from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix.21) Compute the moles of FADH2, NADH, GTP generated and NADPH consumed in the dissimilation of one mole each of the octadecanoic acid and A3.5-ocatadienoic acid thioesters shown below to CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix space. Enter the product yields of electron carriers and GTP and the total yield of ATP after processing mitochondrial electron-transport chain in the tables provided below COAS COAS Product Total Converslon Yield ATP Product Total Conversion Yleld ATP FADH2 1.5 FADH2 1.5 2.5 NADH 2.5 NADH NADPH -2.5 NADPH -2.5 GTP GTP Total ATP Total ATP 8.In beta oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, ubiquinone (via FAD / FADH2) from the respiratory chain acts as an oxidizing agent in one oxidation step and NAD + as an oxidizing agent in the other oxidation step. Discuss the exchange of ATP per oxygen molecule consumed in the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-COAI in relation to the exchange of ATP perroxygen molecule consumed if only NADH is the electron source for the respiratory chain.
- In phase II of ETS diagram and label the ATP synthase along with the inner mitochondrial membrane it is sitting in. Your diagram must show the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. Describe how it works step by stepElectron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium, establishing a pH gradient across the inner membrane (outside more acidic than inside). The tendency of protons to diffuse back into the matrix is the driving force for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. During oxidative phosphorylation by a suspension of mitochondria in a medium of pH 7.4,pH 7.4, the measured pH of the matrix is 7.7. Calculate [H+] in the external medium and in the matrix under these conditions. a)[H+]in the matrix: b)What is the outside‑to‑inside ratio of [H+]? c)What is the free‑energy change inherent in this concentration difference across the membrane? (Assume a temperature of 25 °C.25 °C.)Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. Also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Use a different color of ink to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis. also indicate where ATP is generated and were the power is stored to generate ATP. NOW, do the same thing with chloroplasts. Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large photosynthetic…
- 1. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting with the oxidation of NADH and succinate and ending with the reduction of O2. 2. Indicate the sites and stoichiometry (per 2e) at which protons are translocated from the matrix to the intermembrane space. 3. Indicate which complexes are inhibited by: amytal, antimycin A, azide (N3 ), cyanide (CN), carbon monoxide (CO), and rotenone. 4. Describe the effects of (1) oligomycin and (2) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, e.g., dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonyl cyanide-p- trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), on respiration and ATP synthesis when added to a suspension of mitochondria with excess malate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi).State whether the following statements are True or False, If False, explain why 5.1 Oxaloacetate is formed by the oxidation of L-malate 5.2 An overstimulation of the citric acid cycle will cause an overproduction of oxygen 5.3 The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of prokaryotes and eukaryotic 5.4 NADH and ADP are high energy electron carriers which can be utilised in the electron transport chaina) Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the breakdown of a molecule of Acetyl- CoA into carbon dioxide and water. The prerequisite is that the entire proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane can be used for ATP production and that the ATP synthase has 6 c-subunits.