The video showed one way that a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) can deliver a signal using heterotrimeric G proteins. Place the steps in this signal transduction pathway in the correct order, starting with the earliest on the left and the latest on the right. Drag all steps into the box below, placing them in the correct order from first to last. Avoid stacking answers on top of each other. The Gs alpha subunit dissociates ATP is converted to cyclic AMP First step GDP is exchanged for GTP on the G protein Ligand binding to the GPCR Reset Help Adenylyl cyclase is activated Last step

The video showed one way that a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) can deliver a signal using heterotrimeric G proteins. Place the steps in this signal transduction pathway in the correct order, starting with the earliest on the left and the latest on the right. Drag all steps into the box below, placing them in the correct order from first to last. Avoid stacking answers on top of each other. The Gs alpha subunit dissociates ATP is converted to cyclic AMP First step GDP is exchanged for GTP on the G protein Ligand binding to the GPCR Reset Help Adenylyl cyclase is activated Last step

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

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Please note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein (M). Some proteins may need more than one letter: Dynamin [Choose ] Porin [Choose ] EGF Receptor [Choose ] CD4 [Choose ] P-glycoprotein [Choose ] Rho [Choose ] <
Histamine is a chemical substance released in inflammatory and allergic response. The histamine H1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates phospholipase C in response to the binding of histamine. Arrange the data below showing the process of histamine signal transduction from the H1 receptor. Calcium ions flow through ligand-gated ion channel. Phosphorylation cascade leads to the activation of a cellular response. Calcioum ions activate a protein, leading to a cellular response. Enzyme cleaves PIP2, forming DAG and IP3. Calcium iom concentration increases in the cytosol. IP3 binds to a ligand-gated ion channel in thw ER membrane.
Select statements that accurately describe receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Some RTKs are dimeric in the presence of a ligand. GTPase activity is required for autophosphorylation (cross-phosphorylation). The structure includes a transmembrane helix. The intracellular domain has kinase domains. The a subunit contains seven a helices that span the membrane. A ligand binds to the extracellular domain.
In the regulation of enzyme activity by phosphorylation (as discussed in class), the introduction of phosphate to the enzyme being controlled: requires a protein phosphatase enzyme but not ATP requires a protein phosphatase enzyme plus ATP O requires a protein kinase enzyme but not ATP O requires a protein kinase enzyme plus ATP
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
PKA is activated after its regulatory subunit is dissociated from the catalytic subunit. Select one: O True O False Neurotransmitters of inhibitory signal makes the membrane potential more positive. Select one: O True O False Hydrophobic signals after binding to the cell-surface receptors activate downstream signal transduction proteins inside the cells. Select one: O True O False
Pathway divergence occurs when: signaling pathways use a common intermediate one signaling pathway triggers another O signaling pathways produce the same outcome signaling pathways split to produce multiple outcomes Question 8 Where are receptor tyrosine kinases usually phosphorylated? O tyrosine residues in the allosteric regulatory portion tyrosine residues in the N-terminal portion tyrosine residues in the transmembrane portion O tyrosine residues in the C-terminal portion
Which of the following regarding GPCR's is FALSE? GPCR ligand binding stimulates phosphorylation of the heterotrimeric G protein GPCR's have seven transmembrane domains The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein is active in its GTP bound state The beta-gamma subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein performs signaling functions
You perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which contains the GPCR of interest. If an agonist and an inverse agonist are at equal concentrations in your study but the inverse agonist has a 10 x higher affinity for the receptor than the agonist, what would you expect to be the overall outcome to be? More of the agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its active conformation and is stimulated More of the inverse agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its inactive conformation and is unstimulated.
Kinases are enzymes responsible for transferring the terminal phosphate of ATP to the side chains of serines, threonines, and tyrosines in proteins. This is called phosphorylation. Many kinases require autophosphorylation before they can phosphorylate other targets. Discuss how phosphorylation of Ser, Thr, and Tyr changes their chemical properties and how phosphorylation of a kinase might help make it active for other substrates..
During the epinephrine signaling pathway we learned about in class, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase is regulated by: Allosteric regulation Covalent modification Competitive inhibition Zymogen activation
Many cellular processes require the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. However, unlike ATP, GTP hydrolysis is often not used as an energy source for the cell, but rather, is associated with a group of enzymes called GTPases. Which of the following statements about GTP and GTPases is correct? 1. GTPase activating protein (GAP) binds to GTPase when it is in the active state. 2. The exchange factor GEF binds GTP directly and delivers it to the GTPase. 3. The "switching" behaviour of GTPase is because GTP hydrolysis causes the enzyme to change shape. 4. Structural differences in the terminal phosphate group explains why ATP hydrolysis releases energy and GTP does not. O 1,2 and 3 O 1 and 3 O 2 and 4 O 4 only O All of 1,2.3 and 4 are correct