Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.3, Problem 3COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Transcription is one of the most crucial steps in gene expression that transcribes the template strand of DNA into hnRNA which, undergoes capping and tailing processes to form the messenger RNA which is devoid of any non-coding sequence called introns which are removed as a lariat in the 5'-3' direction. Central dogma consists of the information that is passed from DNA to RNA and finally, proteins after undergoing the process of transcription, and translation.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is the best description of a transcription factor?
A. A protein that brings the correct nucleotides to RNA polymerase
B. A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences
C. A DNA sequence that binds to RNA polymerase
D. A modification that is made to mRNA to help it be exported from the nucleus.
.
1. Transcription:
a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.
Which of the following is true of CpG islands?
a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes.
b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes.
c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription.
d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 12.1 - 1. Which of the following base sequences is used...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - 3. Sigma factor is needed during which stage(s) of...Ch. 12.2 - A uracil-rich sequence occurs at the end of the...Ch. 12.3 - Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 12.4 - Which of the following are examples of RNA...Ch. 12.4 - A ribozyme is a. a complex between RNA and a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following is not a key difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 12 - 5. Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 12 - 7. In Chapter 9, we considered the dimensions of...Ch. 12 - 8. A mutation within a gene sequence changes the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 12 - At the molecular level, describe how factor...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 12 - What is the complementarity rule that governs the...Ch. 12 - 13. Describe the movement of the open complex...Ch. 12 - 14. Describe what happens to the chemical bonding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 12 - Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may...Ch. 12 - If the following RNA polymerases were missing from...Ch. 12 - 20. What sequence elements are found within the...Ch. 12 - 21. For each of the following transcription...Ch. 12 - 22. Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for...Ch. 12 - Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in...Ch. 12 - 24. The initiation phase of eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two...Ch. 12 - 26. Describe the processing events that occur...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 12 - 31. In eukaryotes, what types of modifications...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 12 - 34. Figure 12.21 shows the products of alternative...Ch. 12 - 35. The processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 12 - After the intron (which is in a lariat...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12 - 2. Chapter 21 describes a technique known as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12 - As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EQCh. 12 - Prob. 6EQCh. 12 - 1. Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA...Ch. 12 - Discuss the types of RNA transcripts and the...
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- Which of the following is not true regarding gene regulation that involves DNA bending? a. The precise distance between the regulatory sequence and the promoter is important. b. Effect can be to repress transcription c. Effect can be to activation transcription d. Regulated genes can be thousands of base pairs away from the regulatory sitesarrow_forwardMost transcriptional activator proteins affect transcription by interacting with a. introns. b. the basal transcription apparatus. c. DNA polymerase. d. the terminator.arrow_forwardOnly one of the two strands of DNA is transcribed because a. RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA. b. both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame. c. DNA consists of only one strand in the nucleus of the cell. d. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, initiating transcription on only one strand of DNA. e. the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and does not always occur on a gene.arrow_forward
- The three stages of transcription are a. initiation, ribosome binding, and termination. b. elongation, ribosome binding, and termination. c. initiation, elongation, and termination. d. initiation, regulation, and termination.arrow_forwardWhich statement/s is/are TRUE about transcription?A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands.B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.E. Transcription occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction with respect to the growing mRNA strand.arrow_forwardWhich of the following activities DOES NOT happen during the initiation stage of transcription? A. Use of RNA polymerase. B. Detection of TATA-box C. Attachment of transcription factors D. Addition of G' Cap and Poly-A tail A section of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CGATTACAG. Which of the following sequence would be produced as a result of transcription? A. CGTUUTCTG B. GCTAATGTC C. CGAUUACAG D. GUAAUGUCarrow_forward
- Regulatory transcription factors can be modulated by a. the binding of small effector molecules. b. protein-protein interactions. c. covalent modifications. d. all of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a sequence of DNA where transcription is initiated? a. Kozak sequence. b. TBP c. Sigma Factor d. Promoter. e. AAUAAarrow_forwardChoose all items that regulate the transcription of mRNAs.Group of answer choices A. Transcription factor proteins B. Intron sequences C.. DNA promoter sequences D. DNA enhancer regions E. Exon sequencesarrow_forward
- Alternative RNA splicing a. is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription. b. can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a gene. C. can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAS. d. increases the rate of transcription. e. is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNAs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an RNA processing event that increases the number of potential polypeptides that can be encoded by a single gene. a. transcription b. alternative splicing c. alternative transcription d. polyadenylationarrow_forwardDifferential RNA splicing may result in: a. A shift in the ratio of mRNA produced from two neighboring genes b. Inversion of exons in the mature mRNA c. Production of the same protein from two different genes d. Production of two different proteins with different properties from a single genearrow_forward
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