Concept explainers
Introduction:
The spinal cord is a collection of nerve tissue that arises from the brain stem. It is a site that contains many motor neurons, interneurons, and complex neural circuits. It is often called as ‘nuts and bolts’ of the nervous system. It controls and enables the forces on muscles and its adaptive movements. The nervous tissue of the spinal cord is composed of organized cells that involve the body movements and send the signals to different parts of the body. The spinal cord tracts are stimulatory nerve pathways that pass the information through action potentials. The spinal tracts are important to diagnose and manage the spinal cord damages or injuries. It consists of two kinds of tracts namely ascending tracts and descending tracts.
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Anatomy and Physiology
- A 40 year old male has just been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, better known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease. A recent MRI has shown significant demyelination of the gracile nucleus of the dorsal columnar-medial lemniscal pathway. Describe the physiology of this pathway and discuss what neurological deficits this patient will experience due to his lesion.arrow_forwardCorrectly identify and label the structures associated with this spinal plexus. Common fibular nerve Genitofemoral nerve Obturator nerve Femoral nerve Sciatic nerve Tibial nerve L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Cot Inferior gluteal nerve Superior gluteal nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve Pudendal nerve M Resetarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/graymatter) to learn about the gray matter of the spinalcord that receives input from fibers of the dorsal (posterior)root and sends information out through the fibers of theventral (anterior) root. As discussed in this video, theseconnections represent the interactions of the CNS withperipheral structures for both sensory and motor functions.The cervical and lumbar spinal cords have enlargements asa result of larger populations of neurons. What are theseenlargements responsible for?arrow_forward
- Complete transection of the spinal cord produces all of the following effects, except :-a- permanent loss of all sensations mediated by the cord below level of lesionb- permanent loss of voluntary movements by muscles innervated by the cord below level of lesionc- permanent loss of reflexes mediated by the cord below level of lesiond- temporary loss of micturition reflexesarrow_forwardEach spinal nerve branches into a ventral and dorsal: ganglion root tract plexus ramusarrow_forwardCorrectly label the following anatomical features of the spinal cord. Posterior funiculus Posterior root Meninges Reset Zoom Spinal nerve Arachnoid mater Pia mater Posterior root ganglion Lateral funiculus Posterior horn Dura mater Anterior funiculusarrow_forward
- A 25-year-old soldier suffers a gunshot wound on the lower part of his back and is unable to move his legs. A neurologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reveal injury of the cauda equina. No other dysfunction is noted. Damage to the following structure could explain the inability to move his legs: ventral roots of the lumbar spinal nerves. O True Falsearrow_forwardIdentify the structural class(es) of neurons whose cell bodies are present in the spinal cord—unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar.arrow_forwardCorrectly identify and label the structures associated with this spinal plexus. Posterior root of ansa cervicalis Transverse cervical nerve Great auricular nerve Phrenic nerve Hypoglossal nerve Supraclavicular nerves C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Ulnar nerve Long thoracic nerve Anterior root of ansa cervicalis Lesser occipital nerve Zoom Resetarrow_forward
- How many nerve roots fires each section of the spinal cord have ? which type are they ? Ie. two- one sensory and one motor Four - with sensory and motor combined in eacharrow_forwardCorrectly identify and label the structures associated with the anatomy of a spinal nerve and ganglion. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Direction of signal transmission Posterior root Posterior root ganglion Interneurons Anterior root Spinal nerve Endoneurium Posterior rootlets Epineurium Reset Zoom of To spinal cord To peripheral receptors and effectorsarrow_forwardFor each statement about the anatomy of the spinal cord, determine whether it is True or False. The spinal cord (in adults) ends around the L1 or L2 vertebrae. True Spinal nerves leave the spinal True column between two adjacent vertebrae. There are 31 total spinal nerves. False False Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the central canal of the spinal cord.arrow_forward
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