Exploring Economics
Exploring Economics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781544336329
Author: Robert L. Sexton
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc
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Chapter 15, Problem 16P
To determine

To find:

The probability of everyone in the class getting an A in the course.

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Oligopoly is a market structure in which only a few enterprises can prevent the others from exerting considerable influence. The concentration ratio is a measure of the largest companies' market share. One firm is a monopoly, two firms are a duopoly, and two or more firms are an oligopoly. The number of firms in an oligopoly has no definite upper limit, but it must be small enough that the activities of one firm have a considerable impact on the others. Steel corporations, oil companies, railways, tyre companies, grocery store chains, and cellular providers have all been oligopolies in the past. An oligopoly, according to economic and legal concerns, can stifle new entrants, limit innovation, and raise prices, all of which affect consumers. Instead of collecting prices from the market, firms in an oligopoly determine pricing, whether collectively (in a cartel) or under the leadership of a single enterprise. As a result, profit margins are higher than in a more competitive market.…
Corporate lawsuits may sometimes be signalling games. Here is one example: In 2003, AT&T (a large US telephone company) filed a suit against eBay, alleging that its electronic payment systems (PayPal etc) infringed on AT&T’s 1994 patent on “mediation of transactions by communications system”. When the suit was filed, as in most patent-infringement suits, eBay can offer to settle with AT&T without going to court. If AT&T accepts eBay’s settlement offer, there will be no trial. If AT&T rejects eBay’s settlement offer, the outcome will be determined by court. Suppose that AT&T is suing for $300 million (the exact number was not publicly available), also assume that if the case goes to trial, the two parties will incur court costs of $10 million each. Because eBay is actually in the business of processing electronic payments, we might think that eBay knows more than AT&T does about its probability of winning the case. For simplicity, let’s assume that eBay knows…
After graduating, you start work as a management consultant. You are paid $210 per hour. One morning before work, you decide to buy a new car. You know the exact model you want, and you know that in your area the price ranges from $39,000 to $41,000, with the average price you can expect to pay being $40,000. You can choose among hundreds of dealers, but you don't know which dealer will give you the best price. Time is literally money, since every hour you spend searching is an hour you don't get paid. Each visit to a dealer takes an hour. Your expected marginal benefit of another search is the difference between the current dealer's offer and the average price. The first dealer you go to asks $40,500 for the car. Should you accept the price or keep searching? (Keep in mind that each visit to a dealer takes an hour.) Keep searching. Accept the price. Suppose you kept searching, and the next dealer you go to asks $40,150. Do you think you should accept this price or keep searching? O…
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