Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 3FTB
An organism's ________ refers to the specific alleles found within its chromosomes, while the traits that these alleles produce are called its _________. Which of these does natural selection act on? _______
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Natural selection acts upon ____________________________, evolution upon _______________________________.
What is the gene pool and how does natural selection act upon it?
If a version of a gene confers an advantage to survival and reproduction, that version of the gene will be favored by natural selection and we can expect the frequency of that gene to ______________________ within the population over time.
Versions of the gene that do not confer an advantage (or confer a disadvantage) should become _______________ prevalent .
This generation to generation change in the gene pool is called ________________________.
Changes to the genetic makeup of a population and the individuals within it can arise via two mechanisms. List and describe both. Both of these processes are ________________________________.
Once created, new combinations of genes will be acted upon by _________new alleles_______________________.
How is Darwinian “fitness” different than the typical definition used in…
The process by which inherited characteristics of populations change over time is called_______ . Variability among individuals is the result of chance changes called_________ that occur in the hereditary molecule ________.
Use the following words to complete this statement: phenotype, genotype, heterozygous, homozygous, traits, alleles, genes
Chromosomes contain _______, which help to determine an organisms _____. Genes come in alternate forms called _____, and both parents may not have the same type of allele. The actual gene combination that an organisms receives from its parents is called its_____, while the trait that gets expressed as a result is referred to as its _____. If an offspring receives the same type of allele for a given gene from each parent, it is said to be _____for that trait. If the alleles differ, it is _____.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 15 - The ________ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 15 - 2. Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 15 - An organism's ________ refers to the specific...Ch. 15 - 4. A random form of evolution is called _________....Ch. 15 - Competition is most intense between members of...Ch. 15 - 6. The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 15 - 1. What is a gene pool? How would you determine...Ch. 15 - 2. Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 15 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 15 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...
Ch. 15 - 5. People like to say that “you can’t prove a...Ch. 15 - 6. Describe the three ways in which natural...Ch. 15 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 15 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 15 - Malaria is rare in North America. In populations...Ch. 15 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4ACCh. 15 - A preview question for Chapter 16: A species is...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Dog breeds are an example of artificial selection, which means ______ selected for certain traits in dogs fill the balnkarrow_forwardMeaningful evolution occurs when __________. ○ a heritable trait affects survival and fitness ○ a heritable changed trait gives an organism a fitness advantage ○ a changed trait gives an organism a disadvantage ○ environmental factors changearrow_forwardAccording to the _________ hypothesis, selection is weaker later in life making aging alleles only mildly deleterious. Muller's ratchet mutation accumulation antagonistic pleiotropy rate of livingarrow_forward
- Explain how these drawings illustrate an example of natural selection. Include the term "adaptive heritable trait" in your answer. A deer comes to eat. | A few weeks later the right-hand cactus has flowers. This figure shows the situation a few months later.arrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the relationship between genotype, phenotype, traits, and the environment? O Organisms acquire traits during their lifetime that alter their phenotype. This allows individuals to better adapt to their surroundings, and to pass on their phenotypes to their offspring regardless of their genes. An organism's phenotype is largely determined by its genes, or genotype. The relationship between an organism's phenotype and its environment determines the frequency of traits in a population. O The relationship between an organism's environment and its genotype determines the type of phenotype it will develop. Phenotypes are largely determined by the environment and organisms display traits that are unrelated to their genes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following changes or mutations can be acted upon by natural selection? For each choice, select yes or no. UV radiation induces a mutation in skin cells, [ Choose ] causing uncontrolled cell growth Long-term exposure to toxic aerosols in cigarette smoke causes mutations in the cells [ Choose ] lining the lungs Eugene residents develop an increase in red blood cell count while backpacking in the Cascade mountain range [ Choose ] Excessive exposure to X-ray radiation induces mutations in the sperm cells of some [ Choose ] hospital workers > > >arrow_forward
- Evolution is a process of___ in a population through___ variation over___ Evolution involves___ and___.arrow_forwardGenetic variation is the product of completely random events, but acting upon this randomness is a very nonrandom process called natural selection. Explain or give an example.arrow_forwardA new phenotype arises due to a mistake that occurs during DNA replication in a germ line cell (which makes eggs/sperm) This violates the assumption of _______________because an evolutionary mechanism, ________________,is operating the population. (name the relevant Hardy-Weinberg assumptionand the evolutionary mechanism)arrow_forward
- #21 Answer the following questions about evolution. Number responses according to the questions (1-4). (short answers are fine) How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of answer, provide an example. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would someone expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what someone see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could someone see if they returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell them mutations had occurred? Describe what they would see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what they would see in #2. If…arrow_forwardFor this natural selection story, focus on just ONE GENETIC TRAIT that has two alleles. This is a make-believe story but the story line should sound plausible. Do not involve humans in any way. Once upon a time there was a population of polar bears. Most of the polar bears had/were_(a)___ but a small proportion of the population had/were__(b) ___ Over many generations, the proportion of bears expressing the rare allele became more common through natural selection. What was going on within this population to cause this shift? ___(c)_(very brief is great!) Note: do NOT mention whether the alleles are dominant/recessive nor about individuals being homozygous etc. We are looking at the big picture population-level patterns only.arrow_forwardIn order for a trait to evolve via natural selection, which of the following must be true regarding the trait? (this is a multiple answer question - so select all correct) Group of answer choices There must be variation in the trait. The trait must make the organism survive longer than organisms with different traits. The trait must confer a reproductive advantage on the bearer of the trait. The trait must be heritable. The trait does not necessarily need to be passed down to offspring.arrow_forward
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