Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 16, Problem 7aCP
Explain how the
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A sample of nitrogen gas occupies a volume of 2.00 L at 756 mm Hg and 0.00° C. Thevolume increases by 2.00 L and the temperature decreases to 137 K. What is the finalpressure exerted on the gas?
Helium gas is maintained at a partial
pressure in alveolar gas of PHe,alv= 10
mmHg. Blood flow through the lungs is 5
L/min, the permeability surface area of the
alveolar blood-gas barrier is PHe,M S= 100
mL/s, and Bunsen solubility coefficients for
He in blood and barrier are a*He,blood=
0.008 mL He/(mL blood* atm) and
a*He,M= 0.08 mL He/(ml blood* atm),
respectively. Helium is not present in the
inlet blood.
Find the He flow across the microvascular
barrier of the lung.
Compare this with the maximum helium
exchange for very high flow rates (diffusion
limited).
Compare the result in part (a) with the He flow
when the permeability is very high (flow-
limited).
If air flows into the lungs with an inlet pressure of 1 bar, how will the air resistance affect the flow, show that using the combined parameter model method
Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 16 - Describe the structures involved in gas exchange...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 16 - Describe how each lung is compartmentalized by the...Ch. 16 - Describe the changes in the intrapulmonary and...Ch. 16 - Explain how the compliance and elasticity of the...Ch. 16 - Describe pulmonary surfactant and discuss its...Ch. 16 - Describe the actions of the diaphragm and external...Ch. 16 - Explain how forced inspiration and forced...Ch. 16 - Define the terms tidal volume and vital capacity....Ch. 16 - How are the vital capacity and the forced...
Ch. 16 - Explain how the of air is calculated and how this...Ch. 16 - Explain how blood measurements are taken, and...Ch. 16 - Explain how the arterial and the oxygen content...Ch. 16 - Describe the ventilation/perfusion ratios of the...Ch. 16 - Explain how decompression sickness is produced in...Ch. 16 - Describe the roles of centers in the brain stem...Ch. 16 - Describe the effects of voluntary hyperventilation...Ch. 16 - Using a flowchart to show a negative feedback...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 16 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 16 - Use a graph to illustrate the effects of Po2 on...Ch. 16 - Draw an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and label...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 16 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 16 - List the ways in which carbon dioxide is carried...Ch. 16 - Where in the body does the chloride shift occur?...Ch. 16 - Where in the body does a reverse chloride shift...Ch. 16 - Using equations, show how carbonic acid and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 15aCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15cCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15dCPCh. 16 - Explain why a person with ketoacidosis...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 16 - Explain why endurance-trained athletes have a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17CPCh. 16 - Prob. 1RACh. 16 - Prob. 2RACh. 16 - The maximum amount of air that can be expired...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4RACh. 16 - Prob. 5RACh. 16 - Which of these would be most affected by a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7RACh. 16 - Prob. 8RACh. 16 - The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10RACh. 16 - The bicarbonate concentration or the blood would...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12RACh. 16 - Prob. 13RACh. 16 - Which of these occur(s) during hypoxemia?...Ch. 16 - During exercise, which of these statements is...Ch. 16 - All of the following can bond with hemoglobin...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17RACh. 16 - The hypoxic ventilatory response occurs when low...Ch. 16 - Using a flow diagram to show cause and effect,...Ch. 16 - Radiographic (x-ray) pictures show that the rib...Ch. 16 - Explain, using a flowchart, how a rise in blood ...Ch. 16 - Explain why a person with ketoacidosis may...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23RACh. 16 - Explain how measurements of blood Pco2,...Ch. 16 - Describe the changes in ventilation that occur...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26RACh. 16 - Describe how ventilation changes when a person...Ch. 16 - Explain the physiological changes in the blood's...Ch. 16 - Compare asthma and emphysema in terms of their...Ch. 16 - Explain the mechanisms involved in quiet...Ch. 16 - Describe the formation, composition, and function...Ch. 16 - Prob. 32RACh. 16 - The nature of the sounds produced by percussion...Ch. 16 - Explain why the fast breath of a healthy neonate...Ch. 16 - Prob. 35RACh. 16 - Carbon monoxide poisoning from smoke inhalation...Ch. 16 - Prob. 37RACh. 16 - Explain how a subatmospheric intrapleural pressure...Ch. 16 - Prob. 39RACh. 16 - You cannot affect the oxygen delivery to your...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the Po2 of the...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the of the...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the Po2 of the...Ch. 16 - Use figure 16.34 to answer the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 45RACh. 16 - Use figure 16.34 to answer the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47RA
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- Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. low; high low; low high; high high; lowarrow_forwardExplain what a partial pressure gradient is and how such gradients figure in gas exchange.arrow_forwardWhat are some advantages of gas exchange in air over gas exchange in water?arrow_forward
- Describe the neural factors involved in increasing ventilation during exercise.arrow_forwardCalculate the expiratory reserve volume and residual volume from the following set of values (EC): Vital capacity 4900ml; total lung capacity 6400ml; inspiratory capacity 3800ml.arrow_forwarddefine partial pressure and discuss its relationship to agas mixture such as air;arrow_forward
- How many moles of air are in the lungs of an average person with a total lung capacity of 3.8 L? Assume that the person is at 1.0 atm pressure and has a normal body temperature of 37 °C.arrow_forwardThe atmospheric pressure on the top of Mt. Everest, an altitude of 29,035 ft, is only 259.9 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs at this altitude (assuming that the % O2 is the same as in dry air, 20.88%)? Report the pressure to the tenths of a mm Hg without units.arrow_forwardUsing the full and simplified versions of the alveolar gas equation, determine the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli for an oxygen partial pressure of 160 mm Hg in the alveoli, a total pressure of 810 mm Hg, a partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding air of 204 mm Hg, and a respiratory exchange ratio of 0.8. And provide one reason why this equation is essential for clinicians in a hospital setting. In your answer, comment on calculation/computation compared to accurately measure this value inside an individual alveoli.arrow_forward
- A typical room is 4.0 m long, 5.0 m wide, and 2.5 m high. What is the total mass of the oxygen in the room assuming that the gas in the room is at STP and that air contains 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen?arrow_forwardExplain how the following factors affect HR, SV, and CO.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the volume of air inspired at rest? A) Total volume B) Functional residual volume C) Tidal volumearrow_forward
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