Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Digestingfat produces 9.3 food calories per gram of fat, and typically 80%of this energy goes to heat when metabolized. (One food calorie is1000 calories and therefore equals 4186 J.) The body then movesall this heat to the surface by a combination of thermal conductivityand motion of the blood. The internal temperature of the body(where digestion occurs) is normally 37 C, and the surface is usuallyabout 30 C. By how much do the digestion and metabolism of a2.50 g pat of butter change your body’s entropy? Does it increase ordecrease?
If the air temperature isthe same as the temperature of your skin (about 30°C), your body cannotget rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets ridof the heat by evaporating water (sweat). During bicycling, a typical70 kg person’s body produces energy at a rate of about 500 W due tometabolism, 80% of which is converted to heat. (a) How many kilogramsof water must the person’s body evaporate in an hour to get ridof this heat? The heat of vaporization of water at body temperature is2.42 * 10^6 J/kg. (b) The evaporated water must, of course, be replenished,or the person will dehydrate. How many 750 mL bottles of watermust the bicyclist drink per hour to replenish the lost water? (Recall thatthe mass of a liter of water is 1.0 kg.)
Two objects are made of the same material, but they havedifferent masses and temperatures. If the objects are broughtinto thermal contact, which one will have the greater temperature change?(a) The one with the higher initial temperature.(b) The one with the lower initial temperature.(c) The one with the greater mass.(d) The one with the lesser mass.(e) The one with the higher specific heat.(f) Not enough information
Chapter 18 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
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- The thermal conductivities of human tissues vary greatly. Fat and skin have conductivities of about 0.20 W/m K and 0.020 W/m K, respectively, while other tissues inside the body have conductivities of about 0.50 W/m K. Assume that between the core region of the body and the skin sin face lies a skin layer of 1.0 mm, fat layer of 0.50 cm, and 3.2 cm of other tissues. (a) Find the R-factor for each of these layers, and the equivalent R-factor for all layers taken together, retaining two digits. (b) Find the rate of energy loss when the core temperature is 37C and the exterior temperature is 0C. Assume that both a protective layer of clothing and an insulating layer of unmoving air a absent, and a body area of 2.0 m2.arrow_forwardConsider the latent heat of fusion and the latent heat of vaporization for H2O, 3.33 105 J/kg and 2.256 106 J/kg, respectively. How much heat is needed to a. melt 2.00 kg of ice and b. vaporize 2.00 kg of water? Assume the temperatures of the ice and steam are at the melting point and vaporization point, respectively. (a). UsingEq21.9, Q = mLF = (2.00 kg) (3.33l05 J/kg) = 6.66105 J (b).UsingEq21.10. Q = mLV = (2.00kg) (2.256106 J/kg) = 14.51106 Jarrow_forward(a) What is the rate of heat conduction through the 3.00-cm-thick fur of a large animal having a I .40-m surface area? Assume that the animal's skin temperature is 32.0 , that the air temperature is 5.00 , and that has the same thermal conductivity as air. (b) What food intake will the animal need in one day to replace this heat transfer?arrow_forward
- A high-end gas stove usually has at least one burner rated at 14 000 Btu/h. (a) If you place a 0.25-kg aluminum pot containing 2.0 liters of water at 20.C on this burner, how long will it take to bring the water to a boil, assuming all the heat from the burner goes into the pot? (b) Once boiling begins how much time is required to boil all the water out of the pot?arrow_forwardA 0.250-kg aluminum bowl holding 0.800 kg of soup at 25.0 is placed in a freezer. What is the final temperature if 388 kJ of energy is transferred from the bowl and soup, assuming the soup's thermal properties are the same as that of water?arrow_forwardOne easy way to reduce heating (and cooling) costs is to add extra insulation in the attic of a house. Suppose a single-story cubical house already had 15 cm of fiberglass insulation in the attic and in all the exterior surfaces. If you added an extra 8.0 cm of fiberglass to the attic, by what percentage would the heating cost of the house drop? Take the house to have dimensions 10 m by 15 m by 3.0 m. Ignore air infiltration and heat loss through windows and doors, and assume that the interior is uniformly at one temperature and the exterior is uniformly at another.arrow_forward
- The specific heat of substance A is greater than that of substance B. Both A and B are at the same initial temperature when equal amounts of energy are added to them. Assuming no melting or vaporization occurs, which of the following can be concluded about the final temperature TA of substance A and the final temperature TB of substance B? (a) TA TB (b) TA TB (c) TA = TB (d) More information is needed.arrow_forwardThe height of the Washington Monument is measured to be 170.00 m on a day when the temperature is 35.0 . What will its height be on a day when the temperature falls to -10.0 ? Although the monument is made of limestone, assume that its coefficient of thermal expansion is the same as that of marble. Give your answer to five significant figures.arrow_forwardIn a calorimetry experiment, two liquid substances X and Y with the same mass are placed in separate isolated containers. The specific heat of the substances are related by c x = 2cy. If the substances receive the same amount of heat, what will be the relationship between the change in temperature, ATx and ATy? O ATX = 2ATY O 2ATX = ATy O ATX = ATy Ο ΔΤ- 4ΔΤΥarrow_forward
- In a calorimetry experiment, two liquid substances X and Y with the same mass are placed in separate isolated containers. The specific heat of the substances are related by cx 2cy. If the substances receive the same amount of heat, what will be the relationship between the change in temperature, ATx and ATy? Ο ΔΤΧ ΔΙΥ O ATX Ο ΔΤ - 2ΔΤ, ATX O 2ATX ATY Ο ΔΤΧ- 4ΔΤΥ O ATX 4ATYarrow_forwardIn a calorimetry experiment, two liquid substances X and Y with the same mass are placed in separate isolated containers. The specific heat of the substances are related by cx = 2cy. If the substances receive the same amount of heat, what will be the relationship between the change in temperature, ATx and ATy? Ο ΔΤ2ΔΤΥ Ο ΔΤ ΔΤΥ 2ATX ATY ATx = 4ATYarrow_forwarda sphere emissivity = 0.42 of radius 25 cm is at 27 degrees celsius is placed in a room with a temperature of 2 degrees celsius A. what is the rate of heat energy enterinh the sphere B. How long will it take for the spiritual as 1 x 10^6 joules of energy?arrow_forward
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