The ratio of [isocitrate]/[citrate] in given mitochondria and the [citrate] should be calculated. Concept Introduction: The free energy, ΔG can be determined from the standard free energy change, Δ G 0 with the below reaction: Δ G= Δ G 0 + RT × ln [ isocitrate ] [ citrate ] Where R is universal gas constant, T is temperature and square brackets represent concentration.

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. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reaction

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Chapter 19, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of [isocitrate]/[citrate] in given mitochondria and the [citrate] should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The free energy, ΔG can be determined from the standard free energy change, ΔG0 with the below reaction:

ΔG=ΔG0+ RT×ln[isocitrate][citrate]

Where R is universal gas constant, T is temperature and square brackets represent concentration.

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. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reaction

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