Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19.3, Problem 4C
Summary Introduction
To explain: The type of microevolutionary force that changes genotype frequencies without changing allele frequencies.
Introduction: Microevolution can be defined as the changes that occur in the alleles or the genotypes. Microevolution leads to the development of minute changes across generations. Microevolution comprises microevolutionary forces that contribute to the process of evolution.
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Which microevolutionary force typically changes genotype frequencies without changing allele frequencies? Explain.
Under the above conditions of reproductive discrimination against those with attached earlobes, if the population in this next generation is still 500,000 people, then the new genotypic frequencies will be:
Homozygous dominants, unattached ear lobes: 0.34
Heterozygotes, unattached ear lobes: 0.48
Homozygous recessives, attached ear lobes: 0.18
What will be the allele frequencies for L and l in this generation?
Did the frequency of the recessive allele (l), as compared to its frequency calculated in Part B, increase or decrease because of its deleterious effects on fitness?
Does the possession of the recessive allele kill those who possess it?
If those with attached ear lobes continue to be only half as successful in securing mates in each successive generation, what will happen to the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?
If the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers.
What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation?
Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele.
How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.1 - Define what is meant by a populations gene pool.Ch. 19.1 - Distinguish among genotype, phenotype, and allele...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.1 - Can the frequencies of all genotypes in a...Ch. 19.1 - INTERPRET DATA In a human population of 1000, 840...Ch. 19.2 - Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA The genotype frequencies of a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 19.3 - Discuss how each of the following...Ch. 19.3 - Distinguish among stabilizing selection,...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary force leads to adaptive...Ch. 19.3 - Why is mutation important to evolution if it is...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary forces are most associated...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 19.4 - How can researchers test the hypothesis that...Ch. 19 - The genetic description of an individual is its...Ch. 19 - In a diploid species, each individual possesses...Ch. 19 - The MN blood group is of interest to population...Ch. 19 - If a populations allele and genotype frequencies...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 19 - The continued presence of the allele that causes...Ch. 19 - According to the HardyWeinberg principle, (a)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 19 - Mutation (a) leads to adaptive evolutionary change...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not true of natural...Ch. 19 - If all copies of a given locus have the same...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Given that mutations are almost...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Evolution is sometimes...Ch. 19 - INTERPRET DATA The recessive allele that causes...Ch. 19 - PREDICT You study males in populations of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19TYU
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- In a population of 200 people, an allele F has a frequency of 84%. What is the frequency of allele f? Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, estimate the numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes. (Remember that the formula is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p represents the dominant allele and q represents the recessive allele.) *Be sure to account for all 200 people in the population.arrow_forwardIf the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 and allele a is a lethal recessive, what will be the frequencies after 25 generations?arrow_forwardList the mechanisms that may cause allele and genotype frequencies to significantly change from one generation to the next.arrow_forward
- For a gene existing in two alleles, what are the allele frequencies when the heterozygote frequency is at its maximum value, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What if there are three alleles?arrow_forwardIf the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 and allele a is a lethal recessive, what will be the frequencies after one generation?arrow_forwardIn a population with frequencies f(A)= 0.4 and f(a) = 0.6 at generation 0; what are the genotypicfrequencies before and after one generation of selection against the recessive phenotype given thats= 20%. What are the gene frequencies after one generation of selection? What is the change in genefrequencies for alleles A and a.arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the differences between directional selection, overdominance, and underdominance. Describe the effect of each type of selection on the allelic frequencies of a population.arrow_forwardIn a population of 10,000 individuals, where 3600 are MM, 1600 are Mm, and 4800 are mm, what are the frequencies of the M alleles and the m alleles? M= 0.7; m = 0.3 M= 0.6; m = 0.4 М-0.8; т %3D 0.2 M= 0.9; m = 0.1 M= 0.5; m = 0.5arrow_forwardAt least one of the discoverers of this genetic equilibrium (Hardy) developed this HW equation to show that the dominant allele will not always take over the population just because that allele has a dominant effect on the phenotype. What additional factor would have to be present to cause a dominant allele to increase to a frequency of 100%? Why is this factor essential for the dominant allele to “take over” the gene pool?arrow_forward
- A sample of 100 individuals from a population that is dimorphic at the A locus has genotype counts as follows. AA: 30 Aa: 60 aa: 10 a) What are the allele frequencies in the population? b) What are the expected genotype frequencies, if the population were at HardyWeinberg equilibrium? c) Is the proportion of heterozygotes lower or higher than expected at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What deviations from the assumptions of the model would best explain the observed difference?arrow_forwardEstimate the equilibrium genotype frequencies from apopulation with allele frequencies p = 0.10, q = 0.90.arrow_forwardBrown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. In 1993, there were 200 students out of 1000 students at MCI that had blue eye. In 2016, out of 1400 students, there were 50 students with blue eyes. a) Calculate the allele frequencies in 1993 and 2016 and determine if the population is evolving. b) What do you think are the main causes for the change in allele frequency (hint – refer to the 5 traits that Hardy-Weinberg mentioned can cause microevolution). c) What is the number of heterozygous individuals in 2016?arrow_forward
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