Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 2Q

Healthy teeth are important for good nutrition and overall human health. Yet despite the fact that humans and their oral microbiome have coevolved over thousands of years, there was a vast increase in the incidence of human dental caries with the advent of Western civilization. What factor(s) are likely responsible for that?

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in your own words, what is the accuracy of claims about chron's disease being impacted by our gut microbiota
The intestinal epithelium produces a variety of antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role in establishing the balance of commensal organisms versus pathogens constituting the healthy host microbiota. Studies have found that, in Crohn's disease, individuals have dysbiosis, a condition in which there is disruption of the normal composition of the host microbiota. It is, therefore, not surprising that several cases of Crohn's disease have been linked to: Reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa O Increased IL-10 secretion by intestinal macrophages O Reduced production of IL-1-3 in response to microbial antigens O Defects in production of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells O Reduced number of Th17 cells in the lamina propria
Compare the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the microbiomeof a healthy adult’s intestinal tract to that in a healthy stomach (see Figure 41.18). Suggest a possibleexplanation for why the microbiome composition in the two organs is different even though theintestine and stomach are directly connected.
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