(a)
Interpretation:
The synthesis of atenolol has to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Esterification: Esterification reaction is the reaction of acid react with excess of alcohol in the presence of either acid or base catalyst to forms an ester.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason is to be explained for the amination of ester rather than acid chloride to ester.
(c)
Interpretation:
The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.
Concept introduction:
Chiral:
A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- classify the molecules of interest (i.e. para-aminophenol, acetaminophen, phenacetin) in increasing order of polarity? Rationalize these observations based on molecular interactions.arrow_forwardTreatment of pentanedioic (glutaric) anhydride with ammonia at elevated temperature leads to a compound of molecular formula C5H7NO2. What is the structure of this product? [Hint: You need to think about the reactivity not only of acid anhydrides but also of amides and carboxylic acids]arrow_forwardPhysical and chemical similarities and differences of methyl cinnamate C10H10O2 and Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) C9H8O4 ?arrow_forward
- 4 (Chemical Connections 19F) Why do Lactomer stitches dissolve within 2 to 3 weeks following surgery?arrow_forwardN-Methylpyrrolidine has a boiling point of 81 °C, and piperidine has a boiling point of 106 °C. Tetrahydropyran has a boiling point of 88 °C, and cyclopentanone has a boiling point of 141 °C. These two isomershave a boiling point difference of 53 °C. Explain why the two oxygen-containing isomers have a much larger boilingpoint difference than the two amine isomersarrow_forwardExplain why benzocaine precipitates during the neutralization.arrow_forward
- Why do you wash the dichloromethane solution of your reductive amination product with sodium bicarbonate, rather than dilute aqueous HCl? a) Sodium bicarbonate is a good method of removing aldehydes from organic solvent.b) The amine product will be protonated by acid and remain in the aqueous layer as a salt.c) Sodium bicarbonate transfers the amine starting material into the aqueous layer.d) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with leftover NaBH(OAc)3 and removes it from the mixture.arrow_forwardnoradrenaline and serotonin in the spinal cord. Deduce the structure of this new compound, given its molecular neuron to another. Noradrenaline (also called norepinephrine) and serotonin are neurotransmitters that act in its) Neurotransmitters are small molecules that are produced by the body to send messages from one the central nervous system. A recently report synthetic compound has effects that are similar to baul formula (CəH13NO) and the following 'H NMR spectral data. Show your work by labeling your proposed structure with the corresponding letters for the signals listed below. a) 1.1 6 (2H, broad singlet) b) 2.7 6 (2H, triplet) c) 2.9 6 (2H, triplet) d) 3.8 6 (3H, singlet) e) 6.8 6 (2H, doublet) f) 7.1 6 (2H, doublet)arrow_forwardA triglyceride undergoes hydrolysis under acidic conditions to give glycerine and product P1. A triglyceride can also undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to give glycerine and product P2. Which of the following is true? P2 is a soap and P1 is a detergent P2 is a carboxylic acid and P1 is soap P1 is a carboxylic acid and P2 is soap P1 and P2 are identical P1 is a soap and P2 is a detergentarrow_forward
- Explain the solubility behavior of aniline, diethylamine and N,N-diethylaniline in water.arrow_forwardAt least three chemical reactions Methyl chavicol (estragole) C10H120 can undergo?arrow_forwardEstrogens are female sex hormones, the most potent of which is B-estradiol. OH AYA Но B-Estradiol In recent years, chemists have focused on designing and synthesizing molecules that bind to estrogen receptors. One target of this research has been nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists, compounds that interact with estrogen receptors and block the effects of both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. A feature common to one type of nonste- roidal estrogen antagonist is the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene with one of the benzene rings bearing a dialkylaminoethoxyl substituent. The first nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of this type to achieve clinical importance was tamoxifen, now an important drug in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has the Z configuration shown here. NMeg A B NMeg ? ОН Tamoxifen Propose reagents for the conversion of A to tamoxifen. Note: The final step in this synthesis gives a mixture of E and Z isomers.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningEBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT