Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393663556
Author: Joel Karty
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 21, Problem 21.9YT
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The proton-transfer equilibrium that would take place if propan-1-ol, water and ethanol are used as the solvent, for the reaction in equation 21-36 is to be written. Reactants and products for all reactions are to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Proton transfer reaction (also known as Bronsted–Lowry acid– base reaction) a reaction in which a proton is transferred from a Bronsted–Lowry acid to a Bronsted–Lowry base in a single elementary step - that is, one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. Curved arrow notation describes the movement of electrons in an elementary step of a mechanism, showing explicitly the breaking and/or forming of bonds. A double-barbed curved arrow represents the movement of a pair of valence electrons.

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Alcohols are acidic in nature. Therefore, a strong base can abstract the acidic hydrogen atom of the alcohol in a process known as deprotonation. The alcohol forms an alkoxide ion by losing the proton attached to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl ( -OH) group. The alkoxide formed can act as a base or a nucleophile depending on the substrate and reaction conditions. However, not all bases can abstract the acidic proton of alcohols and not all alcohols easily lose the proton. Deprotonation depends on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Strong bases, such as NaNH2, can easily abstract a proton from almost all alcohols. Likewise, more acidic alcohols lose a proton more easily. Determine which of the following reactions would undergo deprotonation based on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Check all that apply. ► View Available Hint(s) CH3CH,OH + NH3 →CH,CH,O-NH CH3 CH3 H3C-C-H+NH3 → H3 C-C-H OH O-NH CH3CH2OH + NaNH, → CH3CH,O-Na* + NH3 CHC12 Cl₂…
In the following acid - base reactions, a) Draw Lewis structures of the reactants and the products. b) Determine which species are acting as electrophiles (acids) and which are acting as nucleophiles (bases). c) Use the curved - arrow formalism to show the movement of electron pairs in these reactions and the imaginary movement in the resonance hybrids of the products. d) Indicate which reactions are best termed Brønsted-Lowry acid - base reactions i. CH3CHO + HCI-- > CH3CH2O + + Cl- ii. CH3CHO + OH- - - > CH3CO-(OH) H
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Chapter 21 Solutions

Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.11PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.12PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.13PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.14PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.15PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.16PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.17PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.18PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.19PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.21PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.22PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.23PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.24PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.25PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.26PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.27PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.28PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.29PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.30PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.31PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.32PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.33PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.34PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.35PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.36PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.37PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.38PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.40PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.41PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.43PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.44PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.45PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.46PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.47PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.48PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.49PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.50PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.51PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.52PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.53PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.54PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.55PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.56PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.57PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.58PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.59PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.60PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.61PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.62PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.63PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.64PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.65PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.66PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.69PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.70PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.71PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.72PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.73PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.75PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.76PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.77PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.78PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.79PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.80PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.81PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.82PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.83PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.84PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.85PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.86PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.87PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.88PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.89PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.90PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.91PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.92PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.93PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.94PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.95PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.96PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.97PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.98PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.1YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.2YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.3YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.4YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.5YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.6YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.7YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.8YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.9YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.10YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.11YTCh. 21 - Prob. 21.12YT
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