Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21, Problem 39Q
To determine
The idea behind the method used by LIGO to detect gravitational waves. Given the statement that “gravity affects both space and time.”
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Why are gravitational waves hard to detect and is there a way to simplify the process? How?
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
Cosmic background
data from COBE
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.5
10
Wavelength A in mm
c)
Background (CMB) undertaken by the COBE satellite. Use this diagram to estimate the
current temperature of the CMB. Based on your estimate, what would the temperature of
the CMB have been at a redshift of z = 5000?
The left hand diagram above shows the results from observations of the Cosmic Microwave
Radiated Intensity per Unit Wavelength
(16° Watts/m per mm)
Recently, astronomers have observed stars and other objects that orbit the center of the Milky
Way Galaxy farther out than our Sun, but move around faster than we do. How do astronomers
think such an observation can be explained?
A, all these faster-moving objects must be escaping from the gravity of the Milky Way and will
soon be lost to our Galaxy
B. each of the faster-moving outer objects must be the result of a supernova explosion (giving
them extra speed)
C, it is the Sun that is moving too slowly because of a collision billions of years ago; the outer
objects are really moving at the appropriate speed for their distance from the center
D there must be a great deal of invisible dark matter outside the orbit of the Sun whose
gravitational pull explains the faster motions we see out there
E. no one can come up with any explanation for this puzzling observation
Chapter 21 Solutions
Universe
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