Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 21, Problem 49Q
To determine
That gamma ray bursts are a result of a process in a star from a distant galaxy. Also summarize the evidence.
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a)What are the two known sources of gamma-ray bursts?
B)In what way do the bursts differ from each other?
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
Cosmic background
data from COBE
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.5
10
Wavelength A in mm
c)
Background (CMB) undertaken by the COBE satellite. Use this diagram to estimate the
current temperature of the CMB. Based on your estimate, what would the temperature of
the CMB have been at a redshift of z = 5000?
The left hand diagram above shows the results from observations of the Cosmic Microwave
Radiated Intensity per Unit Wavelength
(16° Watts/m per mm)
Astronomers us the P-Cygni line features in a spectrum of a supernova to...
Select one alternative:
...measure the velocity of the supernova ejecta.
...to measure the rotation speed of the star that exploded.
...measure the composition of the supernova ejecta more accurately than with other lines.
...to measure the mass of the neutron star or black hole formed in the supernova.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Universe
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- How did astronomers finally solve the mystery of what gamma-ray bursts were? What instruments were required to find the solution?arrow_forwardWhere in the Galaxy would you expect to find Type II supernovae, which are the explosions of massive stars that go through their lives very quickly? Where would you expect to find Type I supernovae, which involve the explosions of white dwarfs?arrow_forwardA stellar black hole may form when a massive star dies. The mass of the star collapses down to a single point. Imagine an astronaut orbiting a black hole having eight times the mass of the Sun. Assume the orbit is circular. a. Find the speed of the astronaut if his orbital radius is r = 1 AU. b. Find his speed if his orbital radius is r = 11.8 km. c. CHECK and THINK: Compare your answers to the speed of light in a vacuum. What would the astronauts orbital speed be if his orbital radius were smaller than 11.8 km?arrow_forward
- Explain how some stars form in binary systems. ...arrow_forwardProblem 2: Black hole – the ultimate blackbody A black hole emits blackbody radiation called Hawking radiation. A black hole with mass M has a total energy of Mc², a surface area of 167G²M² /c*, and a temperature of hc³/167²KGM. a) Estimate the typical wavelength of the Hawking radiation emitted by a 1 solar mass black hole (2 × 103ºkg). Compare your answer to the size of the black hole. b) Calculate the total power radiated by a one-solar mass black hole. c) Imagine a black hole in empty space, where it emits radiation but absorbs nothing. As it loses energy, its mass must decrease; one could say "evaporates". Derive a differential equation for the mass as a function of time, and solve to obtain an expression for the lifetime of a black hole in terms of its mass.arrow_forwardWhat characteristics must a binary star have to be a good candidate for a blackhole? Why is each of these characteristics important?arrow_forward
- A star is observed to move away from us at a speed of 2.8km/s. How far is the star ? Express your answer in light years. I first tried 2.8 km/s divided by the Hobble constant of 21.4 km/s/MLY and got 0.13, but it's wrong. I then tried converting to light years and got 1.31E5, but it's still wrong.arrow_forwardWhat is the peak wavelength (in nm) of a neutron star's luminosity if its temperature is 106 K?arrow_forward2GM What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.6 Mo neutron star? From a 3.0 M. neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. ; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) 1.6 Mo neutron star km/s 3.0 Me neutron star km/sarrow_forward
- Consideration of the total energy in a radio lobe of an AGN implies that the energy is distributed evenly between the particles in the lobes and the magnetic field. This implies that the magnetic field scales with observed luminosity L as Select one: a. [417 O b. is independent of L ○ c. 11/11 O d. 12/7 ○ e. Larrow_forwardWhen observed from Earth, the wavelengths of light emitted by a star are shifted toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. Why does this redshift occur? A The star is at rest relative to Earth. The star is moving toward Earth at decreasing speed. The star is moving toward Earth at increasing speed. D The star is moving away from Earth. DOOOarrow_forwardA light of wavelength 620 nm is emitted from the following four places. What wavelength is observed for this light by an observer a long distance away? (The objects are not moving with respect to the observer) The surface of a 0.84 solar mass white dwarf that has a radius of 708000 km: ? The surface of a 2.52 solar mass neutron star that has a radius of 14.2 km: 2 Schwarzschild radii from a 20 solar mass black hole: ? 1.048 Schwarzschild radii from a 20 solar mass black hole: ?arrow_forward
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