Organic Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321803221
Author: Paula Y. Bruice
Publisher: Prentice Hall
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 23.7, Problem 12P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The reason why nitro group changes the relative leaving tendencies of carboxy and
Concept introduction:
- Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction.
- Base Catalyst: A catalyst which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the removal of a proton. There are two types of catalysis:
- 1. Specific-base catalysis: Proton is completely removed before the slow step in a reaction
- 2. General- base catalysis: Proton is completely removed during the slow step in a reaction
- Nucleophilic catalysis: A catalysis which takes place due to the formation of a covalent bond by a nucleophile with one of the reactants.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which arene is most Ilikely to produce a major product with bromine meta to the
substituent upon reaction with Br2/FeBr3?
Why do the nitro groups change the relative leaving tendencies of the carboxy and 2,4-dinitrophenoxy groups in the tetrahedral intermediate?
If the rate of reaction of [0.1 M] sodium cyanide with [0.1 M] 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is 1.2 mole/second, what would be the effect on theoverall rate if the concentration of sodium cyanide is increased to [0.2 M] and the concentration of the alkyl bromide is decreased to [0.05 M]?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 23.2 - Compare each of the mechanisms listed here with...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 23.3 - a. Draw the mechanism for the following reaction...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 23.5 - Propose a mechanism for the Co2+ catalyzed...Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 9PCh. 23.7 - Prob. 10PCh. 23.7 - Prob. 12PCh. 23.7 - Prob. 13P
Ch. 23.9 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 23.9 - Which of the following C-terminal peptide bonds is...Ch. 23.9 - Carboxypeptidase A has esterase activity as well...Ch. 23.9 - Arginine and lysine side chains fit into trypsins...Ch. 23.9 - Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze...Ch. 23.10 - If H2 18O is used in the hydrolysis reaction...Ch. 23.10 - When apples that have been cut are exposed to...Ch. 23.11 - Prob. 22PCh. 23.11 - The pHactivity profile for glucose-6-phosphate...Ch. 23.11 - Draw the pH-activity profile for an enzyme that...Ch. 23.12 - Prob. 25PCh. 23.12 - Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide ion-catalyzed...Ch. 23.12 - What advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an...Ch. 23.12 - Prob. 28PCh. 23.12 - Aldolase shows no activity if it is incubated with...Ch. 23 - Which of the following parameters would be...Ch. 23 - Prob. 30PCh. 23 - Prob. 31PCh. 23 - Prob. 32PCh. 23 - Indicate the type of catalysis that is occurring...Ch. 23 - The deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KH2O/KD2O)...Ch. 23 - Prob. 35PCh. 23 - Co2+ catalyzes the hydrolysis of the lactam shown...Ch. 23 - there are two kinds of aldolases. Class I...Ch. 23 - Prob. 38PCh. 23 - The hydrolysis of the ester shown here is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 40PCh. 23 - At pH = 12, the rate of hydrolysis of ester A is...Ch. 23 - 2-Acetoxycyclohexyl tosylate reacts with acetate...Ch. 23 - Proof that an imine was formed between aldolase...Ch. 23 - Prob. 44PCh. 23 - a. Explain why the alkyl halide shown here reacts...Ch. 23 - Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- 7. The rate constant for the hydrolysis of a m-chloro substituted and p-methoxy substituted organic substance are 0.50 and 0.015 at 25 °C, respectively. The o values of m-Cl and p-OMe are +0.37 and -0.27, respectively. Calculate the reaction constantp and rate constant for hydrolysis of unsubsituted substance and p-nitro (6 = + 0.75) substituted substance.arrow_forwardWhich of the following reaction may have a different reaction mechanism compared to the others? a. Hydration b. Hydrohalogenation c. Halogenation d. Ether formationarrow_forwardThe following reaction follows the kinetics SN1 The substrate is: - Water - the cyanide ion - 1-ethylbenzene bromide. - 3-phenylpropanenitrile CH₂CH₂Br CN H₂O CN Since the following reaction follows an SN1 mechanism, it is correct to state: CH₂CH₂Br CH₂CH₂CN -Favors the formation of two products. -The transition state involves a pentavalent carbon. -The reaction occurs in a single step. - The first step of the reaction involves the formation of a carbocation. H2O CH₂CH₂CNarrow_forward
- On which do you expect to have a more intense and concentrated “hotspot” of negative charge: methoxideion or bicarbonate ion?arrow_forwardwhat intermediate is formed in the reaction below?arrow_forward6. Complete reaction scheme below indicating reagents, catalysts and conditions, and side product trigil bezinslog si6101fon 290b 1l (b Senines levirba 6 gaubong nasamots gniwollot ads to doinW 01 sniowl (6 CH3 40 CH3 Scansgowi (d Ege nodie) ( nsgyxo (b NO₂ 19m02 2i gniwollet sits to mainW II HOarrow_forward
- "L) 13. Write the complete mechanism for the reaction shown below. Include formation of the nitronium ion and important resonance structures for the sigma complex intermediate (assume mononitration occurs) HNO3, H₂SO4arrow_forwardWrite the full mechanism for the following two reactions. 1. excess LIAIH4 2. H₂O of 1. CH3CH₂CH₂MgBr/ether 2.H₂0arrow_forward✓ :Br. H H :O: Select to Draw < :Br. H I I- I :01 Drawing A Draarrow_forward
- Which one of the following carbocation intermediates is NOT formed to a significant extent in the nitration of anisole (methoxybenzene)? OMe HNO3, H2SO4 OMe NO2 OMe `NO2 OMe NO2 OMe NO2 OMe NO2arrow_forward33) Complete the following reactions H₂ Wilkinson's catalyst H₂ Ni₂B H₂/Pd Lindler catalyst H₂ Li, Liq. NH3, -78 C NH4Clarrow_forwardSelect the reagent(s) necessary for the given step of these synthesis pathways: Reagents available a. f. PBr3 CH3CH2COCI b. C6H5 COCI c. AlCl3 g. Mg, ether h. H2SO4, conc d. NaBH4, ethanol i. SOCI₂ e. H2SO4, dil j. C6H5 CN Scheme 1: Step 7: Step 2: Scheme 2: MgBr CH3 H3C CH3 H3C Step 5: Step 3: CH3 2 OH OH CH3 3 HO-C-C-H Br CH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH3 MgCl 3 2 H3C CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 5 6 .OH H3C CH3 H₂C CH₂ H3C CH3arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning