Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 28.1, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Annuals are those plants that have a life cycle from seed to flower to seed within a single growing season. Biennials are those plants, which require two years to complete their life cycle. Perennials are those plants, which persist for many growing seasons.
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Plants reproduce in a pattern known as alternation of generations. A haploid gametophyte produces gametes through mitosis. The gametes fuse to form a zygote, which then grows into a diploid sporophyte. The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis, which then grow into a gametophyte and start the process over.
Flowers are how angiosperms reproduce. A whorl of sepals (corolla) is at the base of the flower, followed by a whorl of petals (calyx). Inside the flower is a female organ known as a carpel and it is made of a stigma, style, and ovary. The male organ is the stamen and it is made of an anther and filament.
Pollen being transferred to the style is known as pollination. Once the pollen travels down the style and reaches the egg, fertilization happens when sperm meets egg. Then, the fertilized egg and surrounding tissue develops into a seed. A seed is protected by a seed coat and contains endosperm and an embryo. The endosperm grows into a new plant while…
In ordinary English, we use the word fruit to mean something sweet and juicy; however, the following things are fruits: peanut shells, pea pods, bell peppers,and chili peppers. What is the characteristic that lets us know these really are fruits even though they are not sweet? In contrast, bananas are fruits that do not have this characteristic (they are sterile and new plants must be grown from buds that sprout near the base of the plant).
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure below.
Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over
an arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
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In the figure above, which number represents the mature gametophyte?
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 28.1 - Refer back to Figure 25.4 to see the life cycle...Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 28.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 28.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 28.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 28.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 28.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 28.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 28.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 28 - Where would you look to find the gametophyte...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2TYCh. 28 - Prob. 3TYCh. 28 - Prob. 4TYCh. 28 - Prob. 5TYCh. 28 - Prob. 6TYCh. 28 - Prob. 7TYCh. 28 - Prob. 8TYCh. 28 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 28 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 28 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 28 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 28 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In flowers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called _______ ;the strcutures that produce female gametophytes are called _______ . a. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; stigma b. stamen; carpels d. megaspores; microsporesarrow_forwardIn an angiosperm life cycle, sexual reproduction includes: meiosis within the male gametophyte to produce sperm. meiosis within the female gametophyte to produce eggs. meiosis within the ovary to produce megaspores. fertilization leading to development of microspores. fertilization leading to development of megaspores.arrow_forwardWhy is fertilization in flowering plants called double fertilization? two cells in the ovule are fertilized, the egg and the endosperm mother cell it takes the efforts of two flowers (male and female) to produce seeds two ovules must be fertilized to form a single seed one pollen grain fertilizes two ovules it takes two pollen grains to fertilize a single ovulearrow_forward
- Which statement below is correct regarding the formation of the endosperm in angiosperms? O the endosperm is formed from the female gametophyte and is haploid O a single sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg nucleus to become the diploid zygote O a sperm nucleus forms both the zygote and the endosperm through double fertilization O a second sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei of the egg sac МacВook Pro G Search or type URL @ 2# $ & * 2 3 4 6 8 W E R Yarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of the gametophyte stage of the flowering plant? -The gametophyte is diploid -Male and female gametophytes are separate from one another -The gametophyte is haploid -The gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte for a specific amount of time -The gametophyte is a gamete producing structurearrow_forwardWhat are 2 things that are true in both the plant life cycle and the human life cycle? What are 2 things that are true in both the plant life cycle and the fungus life cycle? What are 2 things that are true of the plant life cycle but NOT true of the human life cycle? What are 2 things that are true of the fungus life cycle but NOT true of the plant life cycle?arrow_forward
- In the vascular seedless plants and vascular seed plants, the main vegetative structures (such as the leaves) are: Question 34 options: Diploid cells of the gametophyte. Diploid cells of the sporophyte Haploid cells of the sporophyte. Haploid cells of the gametophyte.arrow_forwardMost of the approximately 900 species of gymnosperms are conebearing plants. On the surfaces of their cone scales are ovules, which later become seeds. These ovules are said to be naked because they are not completely enclosed by diploid tissue (as the ovules of angiosperms are). This characteristic gives the gymnosperms their name; gymnos is a Greek word meaning naked, and sperma means seed. Botanists now divide the gymnosperms into four groups: conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.arrow_forwardThe life cycle of the flowering plants and the gymnosperms is different in many ways. One way that they are similar however is; They both engage in double fertilization The seed coats for gymnosperms and angiosperms comes from the parent plant and is diploid Both the flowering plants and gymnosperms reproduce by using strobili Both the angiosperms and the gymnosperms are homosporous and produce one type of gametophytearrow_forward
- During double fertilization, one sperm will unite with the egg, forming a zygote. As mentioned in the lecture, a generative cell divides to form two sperm. How is the second sperm used during the process of double fertilization? 00 00 It fertilizes the flower by landing directly on the stigma, which is the sticky surface found above a flower's style and ovary. This depends on the type of plant. Land plants will allocate the sperm that is not united with the egg to the formation of different tissues through mitosis and cytokinesis. It forms a triploid cell by fusing with polar nuclei. This cell then divides and develops endosperm tissue. Since it was not the sperm to fuse with the polar nuclei, the sperm cell will degenerate.arrow_forwardThe plant sexual life cycle is called______ .The diploid generation is called the_______ . Reproductive cells in this stage of the cycle produce spores through________ (type of cell division). The spores germinate to produce the haploid generation, called the________.arrow_forwardIn a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg? ovary → style → stigma stigma → style → ovary ovary→ stigma→ style stigma→ ovary → stylearrow_forward
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