General Physics, 2nd Edition
General Physics, 2nd Edition
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780471522782
Author: Morton M. Sternheim
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 31, Problem 11E
To determine

The way in which thin foils and a proton detector be used to determine energy of proton beams.

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Positrons cannot penetrate matter more than a few atomic diameters, but positron emission of radiotracers can be monitored in medical diagnosis. Explain.
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Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in the 100 MeV-1.00 GeV energy range pose the greatest radiation danger to astronauts in Earth orbit or on future interplanetary missions. As we shall find in the chapter on nuclear physics, fast-moving protons are 10 times as effective in causing radiation damage as x-rays of the same energy. Approximately 85% of GCRS are fast-moving protons, and spacecraft traveling in interplanetary space would require thick shielding to attenuate not only the incident cosmic rays, but also the shower of secondary particles created when the cosmic ray particles impacted the shielding material. (a) What is the speed (in terms of c) of a 1.00 GeV cosmic ray proton? The rest mass of the proton is 938 MeV. The phrase "a 1.00 GeV cosmic ray proton" means that the kinetic energy of the proton is 1.00 GeV. As we contemplate space travel at relativistic speeds, we must consider the low-density abundance of atomic hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM), estimated to be…
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