Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 45.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism, by which olfactory system is able to distinguish among the different odors present in the environment.
Introduction:
Any kind of smell in the environment is perceived by the olfactory receptors that are present in the nose. These olfactory receptors activate the G protein signaling pathway that helps in detection of the smell. Different odors have different receptors but they are able to activate the common pathway.
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In the olfactory receptor cells of mammals, what binds to specific odorant molecules?
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Chapter 45 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- A mixture of two of the compounds illustrated in Figure 33.6 is applied to a section of olfactory epithelium. Only receptors 3, 5, 9, 12, and 13 are activated, according to Figure 33.7. Identify the likely compounds in the mixture.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about olfactory receptors is not true? A Stronger odours cause more olfactory receptors to respond or fire than weaker odours do. B) The axons of the olfactory receptor cells reach directly into the brain c) There are at least 1000 different types of olfactory receptors for different odours D Olfactory neurons last a lifetime, and cannot be replaced once they are destroyedarrow_forwardA turkey ordorant molecule comes in contact with the pie ordorant receptor. Would this have an effect on the nerve stimulus being sent from this olfactory cell? Which G protein is activated in this pathway?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true regarding olfactory information? the olfactory receptors are located in the olfactory bulb the glomeruli are organized by connections with specific olfactory receptor types the olfactory tract axons go directly to the orbitofrontal cortex odorants are detected on the cell bodies of the olfactory receptorsarrow_forwardwhat are the types of skin receptors that helps us distinguish between a smooth surface( e.g- glass panel) and rough surface(e.g- brick)?How do i differentiate this two receptors?arrow_forwardWhat happens in an olfactory neuron when an odorant binds to its receptor?arrow_forward
- Five different types of taste receptors have been identified in humans. These are salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. Taste receptors consist of specific types of proteins incorporated into the plasma membrane of taste receptor cells, which are clustered together in structures called taste buds. All five receptor types are present in each taste bud, which are distributed over most of the tongue surface area. Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal cavity and consist of several thousand different types, each type specific for a different odorant molecule (ligand). If you plug your nose, red wine and coffee taste exactly the same. Explain why this is so.arrow_forwardFive different types of taste receptors have been identified in humans. These are salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. Taste receptors consist of specific types of proteins incorporated into the plasma membrane of taste receptor cells, which are clustered together in structures called taste buds. All five receptor types are present in each taste bud, which are distributed over most of the tongue surface area. Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal cavity and consist of several thousand different types, each type specific for a different odorant molecule (ligand). You may need to research this on the internet. Be sure to site your sources. If you plug your nose, red wine and coffee taste exactly the same.arrow_forwardTaste cells form chemical synapses with afferent neurites that make up the gustatory cranial nerve. For signals to pass onto the afferents, what critical step must take place? Opening of Ca++ channels Opening of K+ channels Opening of Na+ channels Generation of an action potentialarrow_forward
- Discuss the location and activation of olfactory receptors and how the brain distinguishes tens of thousands of odours from 1,000 or fewer receptor proteins.arrow_forwardScent-free zones are important recommendations because some people are very sensitive to odorants. What is one reason that someone might be over-sensitive to odorants? higher threshold to activate the Golf cascade greater hyperpolarized resting potential in olfactory neurons reduced sensitivity of the Golf response lower threshold to activate the Golf cascadearrow_forwardListed below are the various components of the olfactory transduction process: 1. Golf G-protein 2. Voltage-gated sodium channel 3. Calcium-activated chloride channel 4. CAMP-gated ion channel 5. Adenylyl cyclase Which of the following is the correct order in which these components are activated? 2; 1; 5; 4; 3 5; 1; 4; 3; 2 1; 5; 4; 2; 3 3; 2; 1; 5; 4arrow_forward
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