Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 8QP
Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This defect is caused by a number of genes but appears to be
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Human blood type is regulated by 3 alleles (A,B,O). Four blood types are possible: A, B, AB, and O.
A woman who has blood type A has a son with blood type O. She sues Man #1, whom she claims to be the father, for child support. Man #1 suspects he is not the only paternal candidate and requests blood-typing for Man #2. Based on the blood-typing results in the table below who could be the father?
Man #1: Type B
Man #2: Type O
Man #1 only
Man #2 only
Man #1 or Man #2
Impossible for either, since the Mother has blood type A
What is sickle cell anemia? What is the true inheritance pattern? How did scientists discover the true inheritance pattern?
Explain multiple Alleles using Human Blood Groups as an example.
Demonstrate the understanding of Polygenic Inheritance using an Example. (Skin colour or Height can be used as an example for explanation) .
What is heterozygous advantage? Provide an example to explain the process.
Most forms of albinism are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Using a Punnett square, determine the chance
that a child would phenotypically express albinism if the genotypes for both parents is Aa, where "A" indicates the
dominant unaffected allele and "a" indicates the recessive affected allele.
O 75% chance
O 50% chance
O 0% chance
O 100% chance
O 25% chance
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1GRCh. 5.5 - What are the possible advantages or disadvantages...Ch. 5 - After hearing this information, should Sue and Tim...Ch. 5 - Can cleft lip be surgically corrected? Sue and Tim...Ch. 5 - If the child showed a cleft lip through ultrasound...Ch. 5 - Describe why continuous variation is common in...Ch. 5 - The text outlines some of the problems Frederick...Ch. 5 - What role might environment have played in causing...Ch. 5 - Do you think Frederick Williams experiment would...Ch. 5 - As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam...
Ch. 5 - Describe why there is a fundamental difference...Ch. 5 - Sunflowers with flowers 10 cm in diameter are...Ch. 5 - Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This...Ch. 5 - Define genetic variance.Ch. 5 - Define environmental variance.Ch. 5 - How is heritability related to genetic and...Ch. 5 - Why are relatives used in the calculation of...Ch. 5 - If there is no genetic variation within a...Ch. 5 - Can conjoined (Siamese) twins be dizygotic twins...Ch. 5 - Dizygotic twins: a. are as closely related as...Ch. 5 - Why are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so...Ch. 5 - Monozygotic (MZ) twins have a concordance value of...Ch. 5 - If monozygotic twins show complete concordance for...Ch. 5 - Researchers set up an obesity study in which MZ...Ch. 5 - What does the ob gene code for? How does it work?...Ch. 5 - What is the importance of the comparison of traits...Ch. 5 - Height in humans is controlled by the additive...Ch. 5 - If diseases such as cardiovascular disease...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24QPCh. 5 - Prob. 25QPCh. 5 - Suppose that a team of researchers analyzes the...
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- Consider the MN blood system in humans. This blood system consists of only two alleles, M and N, and they are codominant to each other. Three genotypes are possible, and these genotypes can be easily identified through simple blood typing procedures, including the heterozygous MN due to the codominant mode of inheritance. Consider the following data: Phenotype Genotype Number of individuals M MM 89 MN MN 162 N NN 79 1. How many alleles exist in this population? 2. What is the genotypic frequency of the M blood type in the population? 3. What is the allelic frequency of M? 4. What is the allelic frequency of N? 5. What is the genotypic frequency of MN? Write your answers directly. You do not need to show your solution.arrow_forwardIn humans, the allele for normal blood clotting, H, is dominant to the allele for hemophilia, h. This is a sex-linked trait found on the X chromosome. A woman with normal blood clotting has four children: a normal son, a hemophiliac son, and two normal daughters. The father has normal blood clotting. What is the genotype for each member of the family?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis in humans is caused by a recessive allele. A man is known to be a carrier of the cystic fibrosis allele. He marries a phenotypically normal woman. In the general population, the incidence of cystic fibrosis at birth is approximately 1 in 1,700. Assume Hardy-Weinberg proportions. What is the probability that the wife is also a carrier? Answer in decimal number only (three decimal places; example: 0.123). What is the probability that their first child will be affected? Answer in decimal number only (three decimal places; example: 0.123).arrow_forward
- Mendelian Genetics Consider blue eyes in a man as recessive to brown eyes. Show the expected children of a marriage between a blue-eyed woman and brown-eyed man who had a blue-eyed mother. Determine the genotypic ratio (GR) and phenotypic ratio (PR) of the F1 using Punnett Square Method. Hint: Determine the genotypes of each individual first.arrow_forwardIn humans, the allele for normal blood clotting (H) is dominant to the allele for hemophilia. This is a sex-linked trait found on the X chromosome. A woman with normal blood clotting has four children: a normal son, a hemophiliac son, and two normal daughters. The father has normal blood clotting. What is the probable genotype for each member of the family?arrow_forwardPorphyria is a genetic disorder caused by the inability to properly metabolize a component of hemoglobin. King George III is suspected to have been afflicted with this disorder. Assume that both George and his Queen suffered from this disorder and they had one afflicted child and one normal child. Is porphyria inherited in a dominant or recessive fashion? What must be the genotype of both George and his Queen? Using punnett square, show ALL work used to achieve your answer.arrow_forward
- Mendel's concept of dominance states that in a genotype where two different alleles of a locus are present, only the trait encoded by the dominant allele is observed. Give a molecular explanation for dominance, i.e. explain intracellular molecular events that can result in what we observe as dominance on a phenotypic level. Use the gene that encodes seed shape in peas as an example, where roun(R) is dominant over wrinkled(r), to explain how RR and Rr plants can have the same phenotype.arrow_forwardBelow in Figure 1 is a pedigree for a family afflicted by a genetic disorder. In some populations, Cystic fibrosis has an incidence of 1 in 2500 newborns. The carrier frequency calculated from this is 1/25. Analyze the pedigree below assuming the disease is similar to cystic fibrosis in incidence and carrier frequency. However this disease may not have the same type of genetic transmission as cystic fibrosis. Assuming her father is known to NOT be a carrier, calculate the probability that IV1 is a carrier for disease. Use the Χ2 test to determine whether your proposed transmission fits this data.arrow_forwardHuntington disease is a rare dominant condition in humans that results in a slow but inexorable deterioration of the nervous system. The disease shows what might be called age-dependent penetrance, which is to say that the probability that a person with the Huntington genotype will express the phenotype varies with age. Assume that 50% of those inheriting the HD allele will express the symptoms by age 40. Susan is a 35-yearold woman whose father has Huntington disease. She currently shows no symptoms. What is the probabbility that Susan will show symptoms in five years?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements describes the multifactorial inheritance in genetics? O Phenotype is determined by different environmental factors. O One locus is associated with variable phenotypes of a trait. Several loci are associated with the trait. One locus is associated with different traits. O Environment plays minimal or no role in the final phenotype.arrow_forwardA pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forward
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