Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134168296
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1RQ
Starting with glucose (C6H12O6), write the overall equation for glucose breakdown in the presence of oxygen, compare this to the overall equation for photosynthesis, and explain how the energy components of the equations differ.
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Plants convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose 1C6H12O62 and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. Write a balanced equation for this reaction, and determine how many moles of CO2 are required to produce 15.0 mol of glucose.
Discuss the relationship between redox potentials E0’ and the organization of the components of the electron transport chain. Be specific, i.e., use data/actual values to back up your discussion.
a) What are the values of E0’ for all the components of the ETS?
b)How are the E0’ related to ∆G values?
c) How do the values of E0’ vary among the participants in the ETS relative to their position in the ETS?
Balance the following net reaction that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation. Use the smallest whole integers possible for the reaction stoichiometry.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - 2. The portion of glucose breakdown that produces...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 -
5. Which of the following is produced in the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1FTBCh. 8 - 2. Conditions in which oxygen is absent are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3FTBCh. 8 - During cellular respiration, the electron...Ch. 8 -
5. The cyclic portion of cellular respiration is...
Ch. 8 - Starting with glucose (C6H12O6), write the overall...Ch. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 -
3. What role do the following play in breaking...Ch. 8 -
4. Outline the two major stages of glycolysis....Ch. 8 - What molecule is the end product of glycolysis?...Ch. 8 -
6. Describe the electron transport chain and the...Ch. 8 - Why is oxygen necessary for cellular respiration...Ch. 8 -
8. Compare the structure of chloroplasts...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- The complex chemical reactions that occur in living organisms can sometimes be summarized with chemical equations. The overall process of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration can both be summarized in this way. For the following equations, first determine whether each is summarizing photosynthesis or aerobic respiration, and then click on each of the boxes below the equations and correctly label all of the reactants and products. The following equation summarizes the reactants and products of A. aerobic respiration B. Photosynthesisarrow_forwardWrite the equation for the combustion of glucose with O2 to give CO2 and H2O.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following changes represents oxidation or reduction. Write: O = for oxidation ; R= for reduction Example: cyt ci (Fet) → cyt c1 (Fe2+) Answer: R Blank #1: COQH2 → CoQ Blank #2: NAD+ - NADH Blank #3: FMN → FMNH2 Blank # 4: FADH2 FAD Blank #5: Fe(III) SP → Fe(II) SP Blank # 1 Blank # 2arrow_forward
- In the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?arrow_forwardPropose a full mechanism for the formation of the diene. Show curved arrows to illustrate electron flow, and please show all steps. Include a brief paragraph that describes the steps of the mechanism and discusses the driving force for the steps shown. (attached is the image)arrow_forwardOzone in the lower atmosphere is a pollutant that can form by the following reaction involving the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons:CH4(g) + 8 O2(g)-------->CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) + 4 O3(g)Use the standard free energies of formation to determine ΔG°rxn for this reaction at 25 °C.arrow_forward
- Oxaloacetic acid (C4H5O5, pKa1 = 2.56, pKa2 = 4.37), a diprotic acid, is part of the citric acid cycle. What is the concentration of oxaloacetic acid (C4H5O5) in a 0.5000 M solution of sodium oxaloacetate (Na2C4H3O5)?arrow_forwardHow many grams (net) of the following metabolites (ATP, NADH, Ethanol, and CO2) will be produced during glycolysis-alcoholic fermentation from 360 grams of Fructose? Write the numbers only (NO UNITS) of each metabolite. Molecular Weights: Fructose = 180, ATP = 500, Ethanol = 46, CO2 = 44, NADH = 663 %3D ATP = grams, NADH = grams, Ethanol = grams, CO2 = gramsarrow_forwardWhat terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)arrow_forward
- Refer to the figure shown here, and determine the value of E for the overall oxidation/reduction reaction (refer to the book/lecture slides if you need help with the overall reaction). 11/12102 + 2H* + 2e¯ → H₂0 NAD + H* + 2e → NADH O-1.136 volts 0.496 volts +1.136 volts -0.496 volts EU (volts) – 0.320arrow_forwardIn a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate summarized below together with accompanying free energy change: glucose + phosphate = glucose-6-phosphate + H,0 AG = 13.8 kJ · mol-1 (Reaction 1) In cells, the production of G6P (Reaction 1 above) is coupled to a reaction that involves the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (shown below, Reaction 2) which makes the overall reaction much more favorable to the production of glucose-6-phosphate. ATP + H,O = ADP + phosphate (Reaction 2) Why do you think coupling the production of glucose-6-phosphate to the hydrolysis of ATP makes the overall reaction spontaneous? What can you say about the free energy change accompanying the hydrolysis of ATP (Reaction 2)?arrow_forwardDescribe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as wellarrow_forward
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Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY