Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 9, Problem 19E
The features of Mercury are named in honor of famous people in which fields of endeavor?
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The chart shows the length of time for each planet, in Earth days, to make one complete
revolution around the Sun.
Orbital Period of Planets iY
the Solar System
Orbital Period
(Earth days)
88
225
365
687
4333
10 759
30 685
60 189
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Satum
Uranus
Neptune
Source: NASA
Use the data table above to compare the length of a year on Mars and Neptune. (HS-ESS1-4)
a. One year on Neptune is almost 100 times longer than a year on Mars.
b. One year on these two planets is nearly equal.
c. One year on Mars is almost 100 times longer than a year on Neptune.
d. One year these two planets is roughly equal to a year on Earth.
Use the data table above to determine which of the following statements is TRUE. (HS-ESS1-4)
a. There is no relationship between a planet's distance from the Sun and its length of
year.
b. The closer a planet is to the Sun, the longer the planet's year.
c. One year on all planets is about 365 days long.
d. The farther away a planet is from the…
The Chelyabinsk meteor entered Earth’s atmosphere at an 18° angle. What would have happened if it had entered at 90°?
How fast would a piece of rock need to be blasted outward from the surface of Mars to escape into
space as a meteoroid?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 9 - What is the composition of the Moon, and how does...Ch. 9 - Why does the Moon not have an atmosphere?Ch. 9 - What are the principal features of the Moon...Ch. 9 - Frozen water exists on the lunar surface primarily...Ch. 9 - Outline the main events in the Moon’s geological...Ch. 9 - What are the maria composed of? Is this material...Ch. 9 - The mountains on the Moon were formed by what...Ch. 9 - With no wind or water erosion of rocks, what is...Ch. 9 - What differences did Grove K. Gilbert note between...Ch. 9 - Explain how high-speed impacts form circular...
Ch. 9 - Explain the evidence for a period of heavy...Ch. 9 - How did our exploration of the Moon differ from...Ch. 9 - Summarize the four main hypotheses for the origin...Ch. 9 - What are the difficulties with the capture...Ch. 9 - What is the main consequence of Mercury’s orbit...Ch. 9 - Describe the basic internal structure of Mercury.Ch. 9 - How was the rotation rate of Mercury determined?Ch. 9 - What is the relationship between Mercury’s...Ch. 9 - The features of Mercury are named in honor of...Ch. 9 - What do our current ideas about the origins of the...Ch. 9 - One of the primary scientific objectives of the...Ch. 9 - Apollo astronaut David Scott dropped a hammer and...Ch. 9 - Galileo thought the lunar maria might be seas of...Ch. 9 - Why did it take so long for geologists to...Ch. 9 - How might a crater made by the impact of a comet...Ch. 9 - Why are the lunar mountains smoothly rounded...Ch. 9 - The lunar highlands have about ten times more...Ch. 9 - At the end of the section on the lunar surface,...Ch. 9 - Give several reasons Mercury would be a...Ch. 9 - If, in the remote future, we establish a base on...Ch. 9 - The Moon has too little iron, Mercury too much....Ch. 9 - In the future, astronomers discover a solid moon...Ch. 9 - The Moon was once closer to Earth than it is now....Ch. 9 - Astronomers believe that the deposit of lava in...Ch. 9 - The Moon requires about 1 month (0.08 year) to...
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- The table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets: Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets? Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You can approximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet's orbit.arrow_forwardThe day on Mars is 1.026 Earth-days long. The martian year lasts 686.98 Earth-days. The two moons of Mars take 0.32 Earth-day (for Phobos) and 1.26 Earth-days (for Deimos) to circle the planet. You are given the task of coming up with a martian calendar for a new Mars colony. Would a solar or lunar calendar be better for tracking the seasons?arrow_forwardFill out this data table with information you have collected about the solar system planets. Characteristics Unit Mercury Venus Earth 330 10 g 4,870 5,970 Mass 61 928 1,083 Volume 1024 cm 5.4 5.4 50 Density g/cm Distance from Sun 58 10° km 100 100 Radius km Crust Thickness km Atmosphere Height km Axial Tilt degrees Force of Gravity on a1 kg test mass N Length of Day 4223 4,223 88 hours 225 365 Length of Orbit Earth days 88 167 464 15 Mean Temperature ° C ТЕВОС Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 102,000 642 | 1,898,000 568.000 86,800arrow_forward
- The table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets:Distance Orbital PeriodMercury 0.39 AU 88 daysVenus 0.72 AU 225 daysEarth 1.00 AU 365 daysMars 1.52 AU 687 days(a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth.Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average?(b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars.Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average?(c) What do you expect for the other planets?arrow_forwardThe table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets:Distance Orbital PeriodMercury 0.39 AU 88 daysVenus 0.72 AU 225 daysEarth 1.00 AU 365 daysMars 1.52 AU 687 days(a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth.Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average?(b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars.Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average?(c) What do you expect for the other planets?Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You canapproximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet’s orbit.www.iaac.arrow_forwardThe table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets: Distance Orbital PeriodMercury 0.39 AU 88 daysVenus 0.72 AU 225 daysEarth 1.00 AU 365 daysMars 1.52 AU 687 days(a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth.Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average?(b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars.Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average?(c) What do you expect for the other planets?Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You canapproximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet’s orbit.arrow_forward
- A spacecraft starts out in an eastward-moving circular orbit around Jupiter. It then burns its engines and increases its speed beyond Jupiter's escape speed - and it does this while it's over Jupiter's night hemisphere. Which of the following might be its destination? Uranus the Sun Mars Eartharrow_forwardCalculate the weight of a 75.6 kg astronaut on the surface of Mars at the equator. See p. 273 of your textbook for Mars' mass and equatorial radius. 75 Clu m Uarrow_forwardOrbital Radius and orbital period data for the four biggest moons of Jupiter are listed in the table below. The mass of the planet Jupiter is 1.9 × 1027 kg. Jupiter's Moon Period (s) Radius (m) T2/r3 Io 1.53×105 4.2×108 ? Europa 3.07×105 6.7×108 ? Ganymede 6.18×105 1.1×109 ? Callisto 1.44×106 1.9×109 ? What pattern do you observe in the last column of data? Which law of Kepler's does this seem to support?arrow_forward
- Describe the orientation and the shape of the motion of the orbits of the major planets?arrow_forwardA)At what altitude would a geostationary sattelite need to be above the surface of Mars? Assume the mass of Mars is 6.39 x 1023 kg, the length of a martian solar day is 24 hours 39minutes 35seconds, the length of the sidereal day is 24hours 37minutes 22seconds, and the equatorial radius is 3396 km. The answer can be calculated using Newton's verison of Kepler's third law.arrow_forwardThe mass of the planet is approximately 74.8 times the mass of Jupiter. Calculate the average density of the planet. Give your answer in grams per cubic centimeter.arrow_forward
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