Based on the attached figure (Figure 7.14 in your textbook) describing a form of synaptic plasticity called long-term depression, what is the most DIRECT mechanism causing the postsynaptic neuron to decrease its response to glutamate? AMPA receptor LTD results from fewer AMPA receptors. Dendritic spine of Purkinje cell Na Voltage-gated Ca²¹ channel Na+ PKC Climbing fiber depolarizes membrane potential to open Ca2+ channels. Presynaptic terminal of parallel fiber S DAG Parallel fibers activate AMPA and mGluR. Glutamate Ca²+ Phospholipase C IP 3 IP 3 receptor Release PIP 2 Endoplasmic reticulum mGluR mbing fiber depolarizes mbrane potential to en Ca2+ channels. tage-gated channel 2+ Ca²+ Release 2+ Ca²+ Endoplasmic reticulum removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane. insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane O increase in intracellular Ca2+ via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels O DAG- and Ca2+-mediated activation of PKC increase in intracellular Ca2+ via endoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptors

Based on the attached figure (Figure 7.14 in your textbook) describing a form of synaptic plasticity called long-term depression, what is the most DIRECT mechanism causing the postsynaptic neuron to decrease its response to glutamate? AMPA receptor LTD results from fewer AMPA receptors. Dendritic spine of Purkinje cell Na Voltage-gated Ca²¹ channel Na+ PKC Climbing fiber depolarizes membrane potential to open Ca2+ channels. Presynaptic terminal of parallel fiber S DAG Parallel fibers activate AMPA and mGluR. Glutamate Ca²+ Phospholipase C IP 3 IP 3 receptor Release PIP 2 Endoplasmic reticulum mGluR mbing fiber depolarizes mbrane potential to en Ca2+ channels. tage-gated channel 2+ Ca²+ Release 2+ Ca²+ Endoplasmic reticulum removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane. insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane O increase in intracellular Ca2+ via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels O DAG- and Ca2+-mediated activation of PKC increase in intracellular Ca2+ via endoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptors

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter12: The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7ILQ: Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of...

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TUNOWIng table comparing the Na+ Channel AND the Na+K+ ATPase. Na K+ ATPase Voltage-Gated Nat Channel XION Which ion or ions are transported? This transporter requires ATP? (Y or N) This protein is allosteric? (Y or N) Active Transport or Passive Transport? Polarizes axon or Depolarizes axon? X ions ·NO X yes Passive Xtransport active Xtransport Polarizes axoni Depolarizes akon X yes. activges (1) Ton) (9)
When opened, the ligand-gated cation channels do not allow diffusion of Cl-because :-a- the size of Cl- is bigger than the bore of the channelsb- intracellular negativity causes complete inhibition of Cl- influxc- the channels are specific for diffusion of Na + onlyd- the inner surface of the channels is negatively charged
The key feature of AMPA receptors as demonstrated experimentally is Na voltage-gated channels activity inward-rectifier K* channels activity inactivation of Ca²+ channels Ca²+ and Na* permeability Ca²+ permeability
The membrane voltage in graded potentials can be produced by Oopen channels and ligand-gated chanels Ovoltage-gated channels Oligand-gated and mechanically gated channels Oligand-gated channels mechanically gated channels
Which of the following statements best describes the features of voltage-gated K+ channels? They consist of 4 subunits, are activated at the same time as voltage-gated Na+ channels, but do not inactivate. They consist of 4 subunits, are activated by depolarisation and close slowly during the refractory period. They have 24 membrane spanning alpha helices, 4 of which have positively charged amino acids which promote a conformational change in the channel following depolarisation. They consist of 4 subunits and are open at rest which causes the resting membrane potential to be close to the K+ equilibrium potential.
Ligand binding of a (????) causes conformational changes in the receptor that free the associated G-protein to interact with other membrane proteins Voltage gated ion channel GPCR Ligand gated ion channel Ligandase pore
The giant axon of the squid (Figure Q11–3) occu-pies a unique position in the history of our understandingof cell membrane potentials and nerve action. When anelectrode is stuck into an intact giant axon, the membranepotential registers –70 mV. When the axon, suspended in abath of seawater, is stimulated to conduct a nerve impulse,the membrane potential changes transiently from –70 mVto +40 mV.
apucreceptors ava ble at the synapse are reflected in this number. Question 2: In this chapter, we discussed a GABA-gated ion channel that is permeable to Cl. GABA also activates a G-protein-coupled receptor called the GABA receptor, which causes potassium-selective B channels to open. What effect would GABAB receptor activation have on the membrane potential? GABAB receptor activation causes potassium-selective channels to open. As a result this bringhs the
4. Na+ channels and Action Potential Initiation. Action potentials are often initiated at the axon hillock, where the axon leaves the cell body. The axon hillock has a high density of Na+ channels, which lowers the threshold for initiating an action potential. MetaNeuron can be used to measure the effect of Na+ channel density on the threshold of action potential generation. Vary "gNa max" from 200 to 380 mS/cm2 in 20 mS/cm2 steps. (Na+ channel density is proportional to gNa max.) For each "gNa max" value, determine the threshold stimulus amplitude (in μA) for initiating an action potential. Plot the threshold current as a function of gNa max. Why does the action potential threshold vary as Na+ channel density is changed? 5. Action Potential Membrane Conductances. Starting with the default parameter values. Select "Show ionic conductances" in the "Conductances and Currents" window. The green and blue Iraces show the time course of the Na+ and K+ conductances that are activated during…
Arrange following the boxed information in sequence regarding the dissociation and reassociation of G proteins following the activation of a G protein coupled receptor. GTP-bound Ga, dissociates from B and y cuhunits Gas exchanges GTP for GDP Gas reassociates with By subunits and the rorentor reforms Binding of the ligand to a G-protein rounled recentor GTP-bound Gas binds and activates adenvlul rurlase GTP is hydrolyzed and GDP bound Gas suhunit dissoriates Conformational change Increased synthesis of CAMP from ATP
Nerve transmission and communication with other neurons. DI it restores the membrane potential the chemical that talks between one neuron and the other neuron the point between the neuron and the muscle transmits impulse to dendrite it carries receptors on its surface it produces the neurotransmitter 1. Neurotransmitter 2. Presynaptic membrane 3. Postsynaptic membrane 4. Nat-K+ pump 5. Neuromuscular junction 6. Axon
Please ASAP. Thanku Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1 If one increased the extracellular concentration of K+, what would happen to the membrane potential? Cannot predict becomes more negative No change becomes more positive