The majority of colon cancers begin with an alteration of which gene below (select one)? A. Retinoblastoma B. Retinoblastoma C. APC D. RAS E. p53
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The majority of colon cancers begin with an alteration of which gene below (select one)?
| A. |
Retinoblastoma |
|
| B. |
Retinoblastoma |
|
| C. |
APC |
|
| D. |
RAS |
|
| E. |
p53 |
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- A cell in this stage of cancer no longer makes the set of proteins that is was originally instructed to make but has not migrated into surrounding tissues; thus at this stage a tissue specific protein production profile could be used to identify a cancer. a. carcinoma, in situ b. dysplasia c. hyperplasia d. malignant tumorWhich of the following drugs is a clinically-used monoclonal antibody for the treatment of breast cancer? O a. Doxycycline O b. Chloroquine O c. Herceptin O d. ProtiumWhich of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.
- Which of the following statements are correct about inflammation and cancer (select all that apply)? A. Inflammatory cells are often detected in tumor samples B. The inflammatory cytokine TNF has been shown to have direct transforming properties C. Cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation D. Use of NSAIDs has been associated with increased mortality from colorectal cancer E. Levels of macrophage infiltration in tumors have been negatively correlated with patient prognosisWhich of the following is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma? Select one: A. Liver cirrhosis B. Peritonitis C. Anorexia D. Hemorrhage E. Autoimmunity O ODuring removal of cancerous tissue in breast cancer, lymph nodes in the armpit are also removed (if found cancerous). As a result, a. cancer will reoccur at the original site b. Breast tissue will remain free of cancer, but remaining lymph nodes will become cancerous c. Lymph nodes will remain free of cancer, but remaining breast tissue will become cancerous d. There will recurrent infections in the associated arm e. There will recurrent infections in opposite arm
- A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.According to the American Cancer Society, colon cancer screening should begin at age 50 for people at average risk. Imagine you have a family history of colon cancer. From your research, with reasons which procedures would your physician order for you and at what age ?A method that circulating cancer cells commonly employ to increase survival is: Select one: a. Migration along the endothelial cell walls b. Entry into red blood cells c. Production of toxins d. Surrounding themselves with platelets
- Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbersResearchers have developed mouse models for autism. In an experiment, they introduced Bacteroides fragilis into these mice. Which of the following was a result of this experiment? a.Epithelial barrier integrity was weakened b.Serum metabolites were reduced c.Gut microbiota remained unchanged d.Some autism-related behaviors were minimizedThe standard methods of cancer therapy is: (select all that apply!) a. surgery. b. radiation. c. chemotherapy. d. blood transfusion.
