Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 2CCQ
The Oca2 gene, which influences eye color in humans, is found on chromosome 15. How many copies of this gene are found in the karyotype of Figure 14.1? Is it one, two, or four?
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An STR on chromosome 5 is very closely linked to a gene involved in a dominant metabolism disorder (one one copy of the mutation causes the disease). There are four different alleles of the STR (Q, B, S, and L), each with different numbers of GATCTCG repeats. The S allele
has 2 repeats, the B allele has 7 repeats, the Q allele has 10 repeats, and the L allele has 5 repeats.
Part 1
Lane 1 of the gel shown below indicates the locations of PCR products corresponding to all four STR alleles when run together in one lane. DNA was loaded into the wells at the top of the gel.
Move the letter of each allele to its correct position at the left of Lane 1 to indicate where each allele runs on the gel.
0000
Gabriel
Andre
Lane 1
O Maria
Andre Maria Juliana
B L
Part 2
Andre and Maria are the parents in this family; all others shown on the gel are children. Daughter Juliana is born with the metabolism disorder, but daughter Camila does not have the disorder. Assuming no recombination between the STR…
Shown (the picture) is a partial gene map for Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila, vermillion eyes are recessive (v) to red eyes (V) and the gene resides on chromosome 1; dumpy wings (d) are recessive to normal wings (D); and speckled body (s) is recessive to normal body (S). The dumpy wing gene and the speckle body gene are linked on chromosome 2 and have 7 map units separating them. Assume that chromosome 1 and 2 are autosomal chromosomes and that there are no known interactions between the genes.
In an experiment, an undergraduate student crossed pure breeding males that have red eyes, normal wings, and normal body with pure breeding females who have vermillion eyes, dumpy wings, and speckle body to obtain an F1. Using the Drosophila gene map, answer the following questions:
a. What fraction of the F1 gametes will contain the alleles for red eyes, normal wings and speckle body?
b. In a cross between an F1 flies and a tester, what fraction of the offspring do you expect to have…
The beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) is a small rodent found in the southeastern United
States. Coat color in the beach mouse is variable, from dark brown to blonde (Figure 1). A pigment called eumelanin is responsible for some of the diversity in mouse coat color. The
MC1R gene, located on chromosome 8, plays a major role in the synthesis of eumelanin. There are two alleles of MC1R:
R allele. Results in a functional MC1R protein that leads to stimulation of pigment production. This allele is found in dark colored mice.
C allele. Results in a non-functional MC1R protein. Pigment production is, as a result, not stimulated. This allele is found in light colored mice.
Figure 1. Beach mouse with light fur (left) and dark (right).
These mice are hunted by visual predators like owls and fox. The distribution of coat color is not random. Beach mice with dark fur are found further inland, on dark brown soils while mice with light fur are found on beaches, where the sand is…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 14.1 - Researchers usually treat cells with drugs that...Ch. 14.1 - Researchers usually treat cells with drugs that...Ch. 14.1 - Refer back to Figure 13.13. How do checkpoint...Ch. 14.1 - A cell that is diploid has two chromosomes. pairs...Ch. 14.1 - In eukaryotes, DNA replication produces sister...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 14.2 - Refer back to the karyotype in Figure 14.1. In...Ch. 14.2 - What are the functions of the three types of...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 14.2 - Sister chromatids separate from each other during...Ch. 14.2 - With regard to chromosome composition, how does...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.3 - What is the main reason for meiosis in animals?...Ch. 14.3 - In meiosis I, crossing over occurs during...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 14.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.4 - A chromosome in which the telomere is at one end...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 1TYCh. 14 - Prob. 2TYCh. 14 - Checkpoints during the cell cycle are important...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYCh. 14 - Prob. 5TYCh. 14 - Prob. 6TYCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYCh. 14 - Distinguish between homologous chromosomes and...Ch. 14 - The Oca2 gene, which influences eye color in...Ch. 14 - PRINCIPLES A principle of biology is that cells...Ch. 14 - Why is it necessary for chromosomes to condense...
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- The beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) is a small rodent found in the southeastern United States. Coat color in the beach mouse is variable, from dark brown to blonde (Figure 1). A pigment called eumelanin is responsible for some of the diversity in mouse coat color. The MC1R gene, located on chromosome 8, plays a major role in the synthesis of eumelanin. There are two alleles of MC1R: R allele. Results in a functional MC1R protein that leads to stimulation of pigment production. This allele is found in dark colored mice. C allele. Results in a non-functional MC1R protein. Pigment production is, as a result, not stimulated. This allele is found in light colored mice. Figure 1. Beach mouse with light fur (left) and dark (right). These mice are hunted by visual predators like owls and fox. The distribution of coat color is not random. Beach mice with dark fur are found further inland, on dark brown soils while mice with light fur are found on beaches, where the sand is light brown.…arrow_forwardThe Hemoglobin gene has two very common alleles: HbS and HbA. Bob’s professor asks him to draw the chromosomes for an individual that is HbSHbA and label the alleles. Bob draws this (below). Explain why Bob is wrong and then draw it correctly. FOXP2 is a gene in humans; humans that have mutated copies of FOXP2 often have trouble speaking. It is on Chromosome 7, which is about 160 million base pairs long. FOXP2 is at position 115 million base pairs. Which of the drawings below appropriately diagrams the location of FOXP2? Why?arrow_forwardThe dominant condition elliptocytosis causes red blood cells to become misshapen into oval-shaped cells. One of the genes responsible for the abnormal shape encodes the band 4.1 protein that together with ankyrin and other scaffold proteins creates and maintains the spherical concave shape of a normal red blood cell. The gene for band 4.1 protein, EPB41, is found on the p arm of chromosome 1. This is very close to the gene encoding the red blood cell Rhesus (Rh) blood type, either phenotype + (dominant) or - (recessive), with a recombination frequency of 2%. This means that 98% of the time alleles for these two genes are linked and are transmitted together. Diane and Jack are siblings, and both have elliptocytosis and Rh+ blood type. Due to the elliptocytosis, both had emergency splenectomies after having severe anemia. Their younger brother, Devonté, has not yet shown signs of elliptocytosis, but has Rh- blood. André, their dad, also has elliptocytosis and Rh+ blood; while their…arrow_forward
- Why does chromosome 21 come first before chromosome 22? If chromosome 21 is smaller than chromosome 22, and if the karyogram is arranged from largest to smallest shouldn’t chromosome 22 be first over chromosome 21?arrow_forwardIn humans, chromosome 16 sometimes has a heavily stained area in the long arm near the centromere. This feature can be seen through the microscope but has no effect on the phenotype of the person carrying it. When such a “blob” exists on a particular copy of chromosome 16, it is a constant feature of that chromosome and is inherited. A couple conceived a child, but the fetus had multiple abnormalities and was miscarried. When the chromosomes of the fetus were studied, it was discovered that it had three copies of chromosome 16 (it was trisomic for chromosome 16), and that two of the three chromosome 16s had large blobs. Both chromosome 16 homologs in the mother lacked blobs, but the father was heterozygous for blobs. Which parent experienced nondisjunction, and in which meiotic division did it occur?arrow_forwardIn humans, chromosome 16 sometimes has a heavily stained area near the centromere. This feature can be seen in a microscope, but otherwise has no effect on the phenotype of the person carrying it. When such a “blob" exists on a given copy of chromosome 16, it is a constant feature of that chromosome and is inherited. A couple conceived a child, but the fetus had multiple abnormalities and was miscarried. e.g., The fetus had three copies of chromosome 16, where 2 of the 3 copies of chromosome 16 had large blobs. Both of the mother's copies of chromosome 16 lacked blobs, but the father was heterozygous for blobs. The fetus was formed from a fertilization event that included a gamete produced by the in which nondisjunction occurred during the meiotic division. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a mother; first. mother; second. father; first. C Your answer d father; second. E3 Fullso L e Insufficient information is provided…arrow_forward
- One of the X chromosomes in a particular Drosophila female had a normal order of genes but carried recessive alleles of the genes for yellow body color (y), vermilion eye color (v), and forked bristles (f), as well as the dominant X-linked Bar eye mutation (B). Her other X chromosome carried the wild-type alleles of all four genes, but the region including y+, v+, and f+ (but not B+) was inverted with respect to the normal order of genes. This female was crossed to a wild- type male in the cross diagrammed her. The cross produced the following male offspring:* table in figure a. Why are there no male offspring with the allele combinations y v f+, v+ v+ f, y v+ f+, or y+ v f (regardless of the allele of the Bar eye gene)?b. What kinds of crossovers produced the y v f b+ and v+ y+ f+ B offspring? Can you determine any genetic distances from these classed of progeny?c. What kinds of crossovers produced the y+ v f+ B+ and y v+ f B offspring?arrow_forwardOne of the X chromosomes in a particular Drosophila female had a normal order of genes but carried recessive alleles of the genes for yellow body color (y), vermilion eye color (v), and forked bristles (f), as well as the dominant X-linked Bar eye mutation (B). Her other X chromosome carried the wild-type alleles of all four genes, but the region including y+, v+, and f+ (but not B+) was inverted with respect to the normal order of genes. This female was crossed to a wild-type male in the cross diagrammed her. The cross produced the following male offspring: Y v f B 48 y+ v+ f+ B+ 45 y v f B+ 11 y+ v+ f+ B 8 y v f B 1 y+ v+ f+ B+ 1 a. Why are there no male offspring with the allele combinations y v f+, v+ v+ f, y v+ f+, or y+ v f (regardless of the allele of the Bar eye gene)? b.What kinds of crossovers produced the y v f b+ and v+ y+ f+ B offspring? Can you determine any genetic distances from these classed of progeny? c. What kinds of crossovers produced the…arrow_forwardGiven the following genetic map, predict the chance an offspring would inherit the exact same haplotypes that the parents had. Assume interference in this area of the chromosome is 5%. Please report your value as a percent (%). A |-- 3 mu -- |-- 12 mu -- | Parent 1 Haplotypes: A1 B6 C14/A5 B1 C3 Parent 2 Haplotypes: A8 B3 C2 / A7 B2 C5arrow_forward
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