Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The synapsing of the homologous chromosome occurs to form a synaptonemal complex in the prophase I of the meiosis I, which lead to crossing over. The crossing over is the process of exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosome. It occurs in the prophase I of meiosis I. It is rarely observed in the case of mitosis.
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. State where cells divide mitotically and where they divide meiotically in a fern, a moss, a flowering plant, apine tree, a mushroom, a frog, a butterfly, and a snail.
Meiosis
The process of meiosis
Meiosis is a special type of cell
division necessary for the production
of sex cells (gametes) for the
purpose of sexual reproduction.
2N cell (diploid). N is
the haploid number of
chromosomes. Each
chromosome is replicated.
DNA replication precedes meiosis.
If genetic mistakes (mutations)
occur here, they will be passed on
(inherited by the offspring).
Crossing over
has occurred.
Meiosis involves a single
chromosomal duplication followed
by two successive nuclear divisions,
and it halves the diploid chromosome
number.
Homologous
chromosomes pair up.
The pairs are separated.
An overview of meiosis is shown on
the right. Meiosis occurs in the sex
organs of plants and animals.
An intermediate
cell forms with a
replicated copy of
each chromosome.
Meiosis produces variation
During meiosis, a process called
crossing over may occur when
homologous chromosomes may
exchange genes. This further adds to
the variation in the gametes.
Chromatid
The chromosomes
line…
meiosis
mitosis and meiosis
mitosis
1. involves two successive nuclear and cell divisions
2. yields haploid daughter cells
3. results in production of four genetically different daughter cells
4. involves chromosome movement and distribution to daughter cells
5. preceded by replication of chromosomes during interphase
6. results in the production of gametes
7. involves pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing-over
8. results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells
Chapter 14 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 14.1 - Researchers usually treat cells with drugs that...Ch. 14.1 - Researchers usually treat cells with drugs that...Ch. 14.1 - Refer back to Figure 13.13. How do checkpoint...Ch. 14.1 - A cell that is diploid has two chromosomes. pairs...Ch. 14.1 - In eukaryotes, DNA replication produces sister...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 14.2 - Refer back to the karyotype in Figure 14.1. In...Ch. 14.2 - What are the functions of the three types of...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 14.2 - Sister chromatids separate from each other during...Ch. 14.2 - With regard to chromosome composition, how does...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.3 - What is the main reason for meiosis in animals?...Ch. 14.3 - In meiosis I, crossing over occurs during...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 14.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.4 - A chromosome in which the telomere is at one end...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 1TYCh. 14 - Prob. 2TYCh. 14 - Checkpoints during the cell cycle are important...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYCh. 14 - Prob. 5TYCh. 14 - Prob. 6TYCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYCh. 14 - Distinguish between homologous chromosomes and...Ch. 14 - The Oca2 gene, which influences eye color in...Ch. 14 - PRINCIPLES A principle of biology is that cells...Ch. 14 - Why is it necessary for chromosomes to condense...
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- Which statement best describes the genetic content of the two daughter cells in prophase II of meiosis? haploid with one copy of each gene haploid with two copies of each gene diploid with two copies of each gene diploid with four copies of each genearrow_forwardA cell (2n = 4) has undergone cell division. Daughter cells have the following chromosome content. Has this cell undergone mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?arrow_forwardAll of the following make melosis different from mitosis EXCEPT O chromosome number is reduced by half in melasis. O meiosis comprises two divisions. O pairing of homologous chromosomes usually only occurs melosis. O resulting cells from meiosis are genetically different from the parent cell. O meiosis lacks a preceding S phasearrow_forward
- Describe how chromosomes behave in meiosis. State when chromosomes areduplicated (forming sister chromatids) and when they are not duplicated.arrow_forwardAt the end of meiosis I: the cells are haploid and the homologous pairs are in separate cells. cells are haploid. the homologous pairs are in separate cells. cells are diploid. sister chromatids are in separate cells.arrow_forwardA cell in G1 of interphase has 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes and how many DNA molecules will be found per cell as this cell progresses through the following stages: G2, metaphase of mitosis, anaphase of mitosis, after cytokinesis in mitosis, metaphase I of meiosis, metaphase Il of meiosis, and after cytokinesis of meiosis II?arrow_forward
- Meiosis: Events Put the letter of each meiotic stage next to the correct event. Use each answer choice and only once. Synapsis and crossing over [Choose ] [Choose] Prophase I Telophase II Prophase I Telophase I Spindle forms Chromosomes decondense [Choose ] The cell contains two haploid sets of [Choose] chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids held together with a centromere.arrow_forwardA cell in G1 of interphase has 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes and how many DNA molecules will be found per cell as this cell progresses through the following stages: G2, metaphase of mitosis, anaphase of mitosis, after cytokinesis in mitosis, metaphase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, and after cytokinesis of meiosis II?arrow_forwardPhases of meiosis Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate.arrow_forward
- After telophase Il of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is: Practia diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. O diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. O haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. O haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.arrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is CORRECT: O Nuclear envelopes re-form in anaphase II Nondisjunction can occur in the meiosis I or meiosis II, or during mitosis During metaphase I the chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cells is the site of phospholipids, lipids, and steroid synthesis O golgi appratus rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardDraw a nucleus and it's chromosomes where the cell is in metaphase of meiosis I The cell has two differently types of chromosomes: Chromosomes 1 and 2. They are carrying different sets of genes. number the chromosomes label include maternal and paternal Circle a pair of homologous chromosomesarrow_forward
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