Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 16RQ
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The relationship among first-order, second-order, and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.
Introduction:
The single nerve fiber or nerve fiber bundles are connected to the neurons known as tracts. A bundle of neurons is formed by the connecting the distant areas of brain and nervous system.
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Applying a pressure stimulus to the fluid-filled capsule of an isolated Pacinian corpuscle causes a brief burst of action potentials in the afferent neuron, which ceases until the pressure is removed, at which time another brief burst of action potentials occurs. If an experimenter removes the capsule and applies pressure directly to the afferent neuron ending, action potentials are continuously fired during the stimulus. Explain these results in the context ofadaptation.
What are the general locations and functions of primary, secondary, and tertiary neurons in sensory pathways?
Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “efferent.” What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 15 - What do we call the bodys specialized cells that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CPCh. 15 - Prob. 3CPCh. 15 - Define adaptation.Ch. 15 - List the major types of general sensory receptors,...Ch. 15 - Identify the three classes of mechanoreceptors.Ch. 15 - What would happen to you if the information from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8CPCh. 15 - Which spinal tract carries action potentials...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11CPCh. 15 - Prob. 12CPCh. 15 - Prob. 13CPCh. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - __________ receptors are normally inactive, but...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - Prob. 7RQCh. 15 - What are the three major somatic sensory pathways...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RQCh. 15 - Which three motor tracts make up the medial...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RQCh. 15 - Prob. 12RQCh. 15 - What three steps are necessary for transduction to...Ch. 15 - Differentiate between a tonic receptor and a...Ch. 15 - What is a motor homunculus? How does it differ...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RQCh. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Prob. 18RQCh. 15 - By which structures and in which pan of the brain...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20RQCh. 15 - Prob. 21RQCh. 15 - Prob. 22RQCh. 15 - Prob. 23RQCh. 15 - Prob. 1CCCh. 15 - Prob. 2CC
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- What are the three components of a typical somatic sensory neuron?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials? a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons. b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none. c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.arrow_forwardDescribe one situation in which these sensory neurons are important.arrow_forward
- Identify and label the following structures on the neuron model figure below: cell body, dendrites, neuron nucleus, neurolemma, axon hillock, nucleus of Schwann cell, Nissl bodies, myelin sheath, axon, node of Ranvier, axon terminals (of neurons synapsing with model neuron), endoneurium (refer to Figure 10.6). 3) 11arrow_forwardWhat function do unipolar neurons provide and where is their cell body found? They are motor neurons with their cell body in the central nervous system They are sensory neurons with their cell body located in the central nervous system They are motor neurons with their cell body located outside of the central nervous system They are sensory neurons with their cell body located outside of the central nervous systemarrow_forwardWhich type of neuron, based on its shape, is bestsuited for relaying information directly from one neuron toanother? Explain why.arrow_forward
- In what part of a sensory neuron could you simultaneously record both receptor potentials and action potentials?arrow_forwardCell bodies of UMN that synapse on LMN lie in all of these areas EXCEPT a) Medulla b) Thalamus c) Pre-motor cortex Pons d) Primary motor cortexarrow_forwardMultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. What type of cell would be the most likely target of this disease? Why? Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why. Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “efferent.” What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?arrow_forward
- Two separate post-synaptic interneurons receive synaptic potentials from afferent neurons in the periphery. The dendrites of one these interneurons receive an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) of equal magnitude at the same time. The dendrites of the other interneuron receive one excitatory post-synaptic potential that is the same sized as the EPSP and IPSP received by the other interneuronarrow_forwardSomatic sensory and somatic motor information are propagated via specialized neurons. If you dip your toes in a hot tub before entering the tub, the action potentials generated by the water temperature travels via which of the following structures before it can be perceived by you? O unipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, ventral root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O unipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, dorsal root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O multipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, ventral root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O multipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerves, dorsal root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortexarrow_forwardThe following structure houses cell bodies of 1st order sensory neurones: select one: a b c d e f g harrow_forward
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