Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 16, Problem 14CC
To determine
The connection between coronal holes and solar wind.
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During the Maunder minimum
a. solar brightness dropped slightly
b. the average surface temperature of the sun dropped
c. few sunspots were observed
Describe what the Sun would look like from Earth if the entire photosphere were the same temperature as a sunspot.
An image of the disk of the Sun shows a higher brightness at the centre compared to the edges. Explain with the aid of a sketch the reasons for this darkening at the limb of the solar disk.
In images of the solar photosphere there are small regions of the solar disk, about 500 km across, which are about 2.5 times brighter that the surrounding photosphere. Assuming a temperature of 5800 K for the background photosphere, calculate the temperature of these photospheric bright points.
One explanation for these bright points is that the density is lower in these regions. Explain briefly how that could produce the observed brightening.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Universe
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- If a sunspot has a temperature of 4200 K and the average solar photosphere has a temperature of 5780 K, how much more energy is emitted in 1 second from a square meter of the photosphere compared to a square meter of the sunspot? (Hint: Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, Eq. 7-1.)arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the four different types of solar activity above the photosphere.arrow_forwardThe radius of the Sun is 0.7 million km. Examine Figure 7-3 to estimate the thickness of the chromosphere. What fraction of the Sun’s radius is taken up by the chromosphere?arrow_forward
- What do measurements of the number of neutrinos emitted by the Sun tell us about conditions deep in the solar interior?arrow_forwardNeutrinos produced in the core of the Sun carry energy to its exterior. Is the mechanism for this energy transport conduction, convection, or radiation?arrow_forwardDescribe how a convection current works. In a simple way.arrow_forward
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