Universe
Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 16, Problem 2CC
To determine

The condition that results in the two hydrogens (positively charged) nuclei to fuse together by overcoming the repulsive force of their electric charges and release energy according to Einstein’s equation E=mc2.

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An Erbium-166 nucleus contains 68 protons. The atomic mass of a neutral Erbium-166 atom is 165.930u, where u = 931.5 MeV/c². In this question you may use that the mass of a proton is 938.27 MeV/c², the mass of a neutron is 939.57 MeV/e² and the mass of an electron is 0.511 MeV/c². i. Calculate the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, giving your answer in units of MeV. ii. Electrons with an energy of 0.5 GeV are scattered off the nucleus. Estimate the scattering angle of the first minimum in the resulting diffraction pattern. iii. Briefly comment on whether or not you expect this nucleus to be spherical, and what consequence this has for excited states of the nucleus in the collective model.
The sun generates its energy through nuclear fusion, making helium from hydrogen. The main process by which this happens, called the proton-proton chain, goes as follows: Two protons come together to create deuterium, a positron, a neutrino, and energy: p + p ⟶ D + e+ + ν + energy The deuterium fuses with another proton to make 3He: D + p ⟶ 3He + energy Fianlly, 4He is produced by fusing two 3He nuclei together: 3He + 3He ⟶ 4He + p + p + energy What is the total energy released during the creation of one 4He nucleus? Give your answer in MeV, and remember that you need to make two 3He nuclei in the process. Be sure to use at least five significant figures for your masses, but your final answer should have three or four sig figs.
Helpful information: (1) An alpha particle is a helium nucleus, (2) e = 1.6 × 10-¹⁹ C, (3) k = 9.0 × 10⁹ Nm² C-2, (4) 1nm = 1 × 10-⁹ m 1-An alpha particle lies on the x-axis, a distance of 1.0 nanometer from a proton (in this set-up, the alpha particle is at the origin while the proton is in the positive direction). Which of the following choices below represents the magnitude of the electric force on the alpha particle? (a) 2.3 × 10-10 N (b) 4.6 × 10-¹0 N (c) 2.3 × 10-19 N (d) 4.6 × 10-19 N eplacing the voltage sou the following inst choices below time != 1.00 37 instantaneous current
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