COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 22, Problem 19QAP
To determine
The photon energy associated with visible light (green) to which human eye is most sensitive.
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CQ 23. The intensity of a beam of light is increased but the light’s frequency is unchanged. As a result, which of the following (perhaps more than one) are true? Explain.
A. The photons travel faster.
B. Each photon has more energy.
C. The photons are larger.
D. There are more photons per second.
4. The average irradiance of solar radiation at the earth is 1.4 kWm2. Most is absorbed;
calculate the total force on the whole earth. The mean radius of the Earth is.6.4 x 106 m.
The number of polarization modes of phonons:
O a. depends on the types of atoms available.
In the case of one type of atom, the
number of polarization modes is one.
O b. does not depend on the types of atoms
available. It is always two.
O c. depends on the types of atoms available.
In the case of one type of atom, the
number of polarization modes is two.
O d. does not depend on the types of atoms
available. It is always three.
Chapter 22 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 10QAP
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- (a) What is the wavelength of a 1.00-eV photon? (b) Find its frequency in hertz. (c) Identify the type of EM radiation.arrow_forwardA community plans to build a facility to convert solar radiation to electrical power. The community requires 1.00 MW of power, and the system to be installed has an efficiency of 30.0% (that is, 30.0% of the solar energy incident on the surface is converted to useful energy that can power the community). Assuming sunlight has a constant intensity of 1 000 W/m2, what must be the effective area of a perfectly absorbing surface used in such an installation?arrow_forwardCASE STUDY In Example 34.6 (page 1111), we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, with a solar sail in hopes of ejecting it from the solar system. We found that the enormous size required for the solar sail makes the plan impossible at this time. Of course, there is no need to eject such an object from the solar system: we only need to change the orbit. A much more pressing problem is Apophis, a 300-m asteroid that may be on a collision course with the Earth and is due to come by on April 13, 2029. It is unlikely to hit the Earth on that pass, but it will return again in 2036. If Apophis passes through a 600-m keyhole on its 2029 pass, it is expected to hit the Earth in 2036. causing great damage. There are plans to deflect Apophis when it comes by in 2029. For example, we could hit it with a 10- to 150-kg impactor accelerated by a solar sail. The impactor is launched from the Earth to start orbiting the Sun in the same direction as the Earth and Apophis. The idea is to use a solar sail to accelerate the impactor so that it reverses direction and collides head-on with Apophis at 8090 km/s and thereby keeps Apophis out of the keyhole. Consider the momentum in the impactors orbit (Fig. P34.75) when the solar sail makes an angle of = 60 with the tangent to its orbit. Current solar sails may be about 40 m on a side, but the hope is to construct some that are about 160 m on a side. Estimate the impactors tangential acceleration when it is about 1 AU from the Sun. Keep in mind that the sail is neither a perfect absorber nor a perfect reflector, and a heavier impactor would presumably be equipped with a larger sail. Dont be surprised by what may seem like a very small acceleration. FIGURE P34.75arrow_forward
- A particle of cosmic dust has a density =2.0g/cm3 , (a) Assuming the dust particles are spherical and light absorbing, and are at the same distance as Earth from the Sun, determine the particle size for which radiation pressure from sunlight is equal to the Sun's force of gravity on the dust particle, (b) Explain how the forces compare if the particle radius is smaller, (c) Explain what this implies about the sizes of dust particle likely to be present in the inner solar system compared with outside the Oort cloud.arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider a space sail such as mentioned in Example 29.5 Construct a problem in which you calculate the light pressure on the sail in N/m2 produced by reflecting sunlight. Also calculate the force that could be produced and how much effect that would have on a spacecraft. Among the things to be considered are the intensity of sunlight, its average wavelength, the number of photons per square meter this implies, the area of the space sail, and the mass of the system being accelerated.arrow_forwardConsider a small, spherical particle of radius r located in space a distance R from the Sun, of mass MS. Assume the particle has a perfectly absorbing surface and a mass density . The value of the solar intensity at the particles location is S. Calculate the value of r for which the particle is in equilibrium between the gravitational force and the force exerted by solar radiation. Your answer should be in terms of S, R, , and other constants.arrow_forward
- Review. A fundamental property of a type 1 superconducting material is perfect diamagnetism, or demonstration of the Meissner effect, illustrated in Figure 29.27 in Section 29.6 and described as follows. If a sample of superconducting material is placed into an externally produced magnetic field or is cooled to become superconducting while it is in a magnetic field, electric currents appear on the surface of the sample. The currents have precisely the strength and orientation required to make the total magnetic field be zero throughout the interior of the sample. This problem will help you understand the magnetic force that can then act on the sample. Compare this problem with Problem 39 in Chapter 25, pertaining to the force attracting a perfect dielectric into a strong electric field. A vertical solenoid with a length of 120 cm and a diameter of 2.50 cm consists of 1 400 turns of copper wire carrying a counterclockwise current (when viewed from above) of 2.00 A as shown in Figure P31.48a. (a) Find the magnetic field in the vacuum inside the solenoid. (b) Find the energy density of the magnetic field. Now a superconducting bar 2.20 cm in diameter is inserted partway into the solenoid. Its upper end is far outside the solenoid, where the magnetic field is negligible. The lower end of the bar is deep inside the solenoid. (c) Explain how you identify the direction required for the current on the curved surface of the bar so that the total magnetic field is zero within the bar. The field created by the supercurrents is sketched in Figure P31.48b, and the total field is sketched in Figure P31.48c. (d) The field of the solenoid exerts a force on the current in the superconductor. Explain how you determine the direction of the force on the bar. (e) Noting that the units J/m3 of energy density are the as the units N/m2 of pressure, calculate the magnitude of the force by multiplying the energy density of the solenoid field times the area of the bottom end of the superconducting bar. Figure P31.48arrow_forwardA large, flat sheet carries a uniformly distributed electric current with current per unit width Js. This current creates a magnetic field on both sides of the sheet, parallel to the sheet and perpendicular to the current, with magnitude B=120Js. If the current is in the y direction and oscillates in time according to Jmax(cost)j=Jmax[cos(t)]j the sheet radiates an electromagnetic wave. Figure P33.28 shows such a wave emitted from one point on the sheet chosen to be the origin. Such electromagnetic waves arc emitted from all points on the sheet. The magnetic field of the wave to the right of the sheet is described by the wave function B=120Jmax[cos(kxt)]k (a) Find the wave function for the electric field of the wave to the right of the sheet. (b) Find the Poynting vector as a function of x and t. (c) Find the intensity of the wave. (d) What If? If the sheet is to emit radiation in each direction (normal to the plane of the sheet) with intensity 570 W/m2, what maximum value of sinusoidal current density is required? Figure P33.28arrow_forward(a) How far away must you be from a 650-kHz radio station with power 50.0 kW for there to be only one photon per second per square meter? Assume no reflections or absorption, as if you were in deep outer space. (b) Discuss the implications for detecting intelligent life in other solar systems by detecting their radio broadcasts.arrow_forward
- 41 UV radiation is utilized in a range of industrial operations as well as medical and dental treatments for a variety of purposes, including destroying bacteria, creating fluorescent effects, curing inks and resins, phototherapy, and suntanning. UV wavelengths and intensities are employed for a variety of applications. Which of the following would take place when you increase the frequency of an ultraviolet light? The wavelength of the UV radiation would increase. The speed of the UV radiation would increase. The wavelength of the UV radiation would be the same. The speed of the UV radiation would be the same.arrow_forward5- Consider: radio waves (r), visible light (v), infrared light (i), x-rays (x), and ultraviolet light (u). In order of increasing frequency, they are: A. r, v, i, x, u B. r, i, v, u, x C. i, r, v, u, x D. i, v, r, u, x E. r, i, v, x, u 6- Select the correct statement: A. ultraviolet light has a longer wavelength than infrared B. blue light has a higher frequency than x rays C. radio waves have higher frequency than gamma rays D. gamma rays have higher frequency than infrared waves E. electrons are a type of electromagnetic wave 7- Maxwell's equations predict that the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space is given by: A. Eo HO B. (E, Ho) 1/2 C. 1/ Eo Ho D.1/( E, Ho) 1/2 E. 1/( E, Ho) 2 8- Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation travels at the greatest speed in vacuum? A. Radio waves B. Visible light C. X rays D. Gamma rays E. All of these travels at the same speedarrow_forward2. A 100 V/m uniform plane wave of frequency 9 MHz is incident from the free space normal to the surface of a material having ɛ, =9, µ̟ =4 and o = 10' s/m as shown below: E0, Ho E, =9, µ̟ = 4 E Z. y a) Find the phaser expressions of electric and magnetic fields in free space b) Find the phasor expressions of electric and magnetic fields in the lossy material c) Find the time average power densities in both media (*arrow_forward
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