COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Question
Chapter 22, Problem 23QAP
To determine
The shortest possible time delay in the broadcast.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 22 - Prob. 10QAP
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- Radio station WWVB, operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from Fort Collins, Colorado, at a low frequency of 60 kHz, broadcasts a time synchronization signal whose range covers the entire continental US. The timing of the synchronization signal is controlled by a set of atomic clocks to an accuracy of 101012 s, and repeats every 1 minute. The signal is used for devices, such as radio-controlled watches, that automatically synchronize with it at preset local times. WWVB's long wavelength signal tends to propagate close to the ground. (a) Calculate the wavelength of the radio waves from WWVB. (b) Estimate the error that the travel time of the signal causes in synchronizing a radio controlled watch in Norfolk, Virginia, which is 1570 mi (2527 km) from Fort Collins, Colorado.arrow_forwardAn Earth satellite used in the Global Positioning System moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The satellite contains an oscillator producing the principal nonmilitary GPS signal. Its frequency is 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface, what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation, as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug/m is the change in gravitational potential energy per unit mass between the two points at which the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency? Superposed on both of these relativistic effects is a Doppler shift that is generally much larger. It can be a redshift or a blueshift, depending on the motion of a particular satellite relative to a GPS receiver (Fig. P1.39).arrow_forwardA computer user finds that his wireless router transmits data at a rate of 75 Mbps (megabits per second). Compare the average time to transmit one bit of data with the time difference between the wifi signal reaching an observer’s cell phone directly and by bouncing back to the observer from a wall 8.00 m past the observer.arrow_forward
- A radio station broadcasts its radio waves with a power of 50,000 W. What would be the intensity of this signal if it is received on a planet orbiting Proxima Centuri, the closest star to our Sun, at 4.243 ly away?arrow_forward(a) Approximately how long would it take a telephone signal to travel 2650 mi from coast to coast across the United States? (Telephone signals travel at about the speed of light.) =__________seconds(b) Approximately how long would it take a radio signal to reach the International Space Station (ISS) at an orbital altitude of 350 km? =__________secondsarrow_forwardA) Suppose a star is 4.15 ✕ 1018 m from Earth. Imagine a pulse of radio waves is emitted toward Earth from the surface of this star. How long (in years) would it take to reach Earth? B) The Sun is 1.50 ✕ 1011 m from Earth. How long (in minutes) does it take sunlight to reach Earth? C) The Moon is 3.84 ✕ 108 m from Earth. How long (in s) does it take for a radio transmission to travel from Earth to the Moon and back?arrow_forward
- Radar is used to determine distances to various objects by measuring the round-trip time for an echo from the object. (a) How far away (in m) is the planet Venus if the echo time is 900 s? (b) What is the echo time (in µs) for a car 77.0 m from a Highway Patrol radar unit? us (c) How accurately (in nanoseconds) must you be able to measure the echo time to an airplane 12.0 km away to determine its distance within 10.0 m? nsarrow_forwardA message was sent from Mars to Earth. Mars is approximately 54.6 million kilometers away from the earth. If the message was sent via radio waves at 4:38:00 AM (PHT) at what time (PHT) will it be received here on earth?arrow_forwardA person on earth communicating via radio transmission with an astronaut on the moon asks a question. At the time of transmission, the moon is 3.843.84 × 10105 km from the earth, and the speed of radio waves is 3.003.00 × 10108 m/s. How long must the person on earth wait for a response if the astronaut answers 5.005.00 s after the message is received?arrow_forward
- When the NASA Rover Spirit successfully landed on Mars in January of 2004, Mars was 170.2 × 106 km from Earth. Twenty-one days later, when the Rover Opportunity landed on Mars, Mars was 198.7 × 106 km from Earth. A) How long, in minutes, did it take for a one-way transmission to the scientists on Earth from Spirit on its landing day? B) How long, in minutes, did it take for scientists to communicate with Opportunity on its landing day?arrow_forwardConversations with astronauts on lunar walks had an echo that was used to estimate the distance to the Moon. The sound spoken by the person on Earth was transformed into a radio signal sent to the Moon, and transformed back into sound on a speaker inside the astronaut’s space suit. This sound was picked up by the microphone in the space suit (intended for the astronaut’s voice) and sent back to Earth as a radio echo of sorts. If the round-trip time was 2.60 s, what was the approximate distance to the Moon, neglecting any delays in the electronics?arrow_forwardDistances in space are often quoted in units of light years, the distance light travels in one year. (a) How many meters is a light year? m (b) How many meters is it to Andromeda, the nearest large galaxy, given that it is 2.00 ✕ 106 light years away? m (c) The most distant galaxy yet discovered is 12.0 ✕ 109 light years away. How far is this in meters? marrow_forward
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