Biological Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321743671
Author: Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The reason behind the increase in the average number of finches with deeper beak size after the drought by calculating the percentage of finches that survived, when there were more finches that had a deep beak before the drought.
Introduction:
Natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism, by which the organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and attain reproductive success. The concept of natural selection was given by Charles Darwin, who was a naturalist, biologist, and a geologist from England. His concept of natural selection explains the diversity of life on the Earth.
The graph below shows the number of finches in response to the drought and the average depth of their beaks.
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Based on these graphs, and assuming head raises of European finches helps watch for predators but
also has a trade-off with eating, select the statements that these graphs support.
Total head raises
of entire flock per minute
(a)
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
4 5
Flock size
0 1 2 3
6
Individual head raises per minute
(b)
12
10
8
N
T
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Flock size
Time to husk a seed (seconds)
As the flock size increases, individuals have less access to food
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
1
C
01 2 3 4 5 6
Flock size
O The larger the size of the flock, the smaller the fitness of each individual
As the flock size increases, individuals are able to eat more quickly
The graphs support the hypothesis that there is no tradeoff at the individual level between watching for
predators and husking seeds
When groups are larger, individuals can spend less time watching for predators, but as a group they have
spend more.
The graphs support the hypothesis that there is a tradeoff at the individual level between watching for…
Review the following figure, and then answer the two questions that follow.
a)Given that beak size in mature adults does not change, what factor is driving the change in average beak size in Galápagos finches over time?
Seed number
Seed size
Rainfall amounts
Both b. and c.
All of the above.
b)What would you predict about beak size if the Galápagos experiences a wet year?
More birds with small beaks will survive
More birds with large beaks will survive
Both a. and b.
All of the above
You've been out in the field collecting data on the predation of holly leaves. You collect 200 leaves in total of which 100 leaves contain one mine, 20 leaves contain 2 mines and 30 leaves contain 3 mines. After close examination with your hand lens and dissecting microscope you categorize a total of 15 mines with round holes, 9 mines that were torn open and 27 mines with an irregular hole. After some basic analyses you conclude that the predation rates by blue tits and wasps are:
A.
3.7% and 6.5%
B.
6% and 10%
C.
10% and 6%
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4% and 6.5%
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biological Science
Ch. 25 - True or false? Some trails are considered...Ch. 25 - CAUTION Why does the presence of extinct forms and...Ch. 25 - 3. Trails that are derived from a common ancestor,...Ch. 25 - How can biological fitness be estimated? a....Ch. 25 - 5. CAUTION According to data presented in this...Ch. 25 - Some biologists summarize evolution by natural...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - 9. The average height of humans in industrialized...Ch. 25 - Prob. 16TYPSSCh. 25 - Prob. 3TYK
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- Aphids and ants can have a mutualistic relationship. Aphids exude sugary substances that provide energy for ants and ants can defend aphid colonies from predators. This experiment measured the population growth rate of aphids vs the number of aphids at the start of the experiment on plants where ants were present or absent. Please select all the statements that are reasonable interpretations of this graph. Select all that apply. A. When starting populations are low, the presence of ants does not matter. Their importance increases with higher starting population densities. B. It appears that aphid populations founded with 12 individuals grow faster than aphid populations founded with 24 individuals when compared to each other in the same ant treatment.. C. none of the above. D. The growth of rate of aphid populations was significantly higher when tended by ants than aphid population that were not tended E. Ants seem to be necessary for small founding populations of…arrow_forwardCalculate the rate of population change for a hypothetical population of wildebeest using the logistics equation and carrying capacity equation. How can you explain these results? N = 500, r = 0.1, K = 1000, calculate dN/dt.arrow_forwardThe medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), a seed-eating bird that inhabits the Galápagos Islands. In 1977, the G. fortis population on the island of Daphne Major was decimated by a long period of drought: Of some 1,200 birds, only 180 survived. During the drought, small, soft seeds were in short supply. The finches mostly fed on large, hard seeds that were more plentiful. Birds with larger, deeper beaks were better able to crack and eat these larger seeds, and they survived at a higher rate than did finches with smaller beaks. Since beak depth is an inherited trait in these birds, the offspring of surviving birds also tended to have deep beaks. As a result, the average beak depth in the next generation of G. fortis was greater than it had been in the pre-drought population. This is an example of which evolutionary mechanism? Lütfen birini seçin: O a. gene flow O b. natural selection O c. random mating O d. mutation O e. genetic driftarrow_forward
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