Biological Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321743671
Author: Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 9TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Evolution refers to the alteration in the heritable characteristics of the biological population over a period of generations. Evolutionary processes lead to biodiversity at the different hierarchical levels:
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Which statement best explains why an understanding of life-history trade-offs is important when examining the fitness of an organism?
A. Because individuals may not be producing the maximum number of offspring they possibly can in any particular breeding season.
B. Because in any particular breeding season, individuals may need to produce fewer offspring to enhance their own survival.
C. Because individuals need to live longer, so they will not produce the maximum number of offspring each season.
D. Because when individuals need offspring, they can choose whether to reproduce or not.
Which of the following is the best definition of fitness? a. The ability to increase the number of alleles in a gene pool b. The ability to survive for a long time c. The ability of an individual to adapt to a changing environment d. The ability to produce many offspring
When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism:
Group of answer choices
a. utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying the same niches, or habitats
b. lives longer than others of its species
c. mates more frequently than others of its species
d. competes more successfully for resources than others of its species
e. leaves more viable offspring than others of its species
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biological Science
Ch. 25 - True or false? Some trails are considered...Ch. 25 - CAUTION Why does the presence of extinct forms and...Ch. 25 - 3. Trails that are derived from a common ancestor,...Ch. 25 - How can biological fitness be estimated? a....Ch. 25 - 5. CAUTION According to data presented in this...Ch. 25 - Some biologists summarize evolution by natural...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - 9. The average height of humans in industrialized...Ch. 25 - Prob. 16TYPSSCh. 25 - Prob. 3TYK
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Monarch butterflies are a migratory species that flies south once during the lifetime of an individual. One specific population flies to Cuba, where it encounters and shares habitat with resident monarchs that do not migrate and stay within Cuba their entire lifespan. The table shows comparisons between the two populations. What data indicate the greatest difference between the populations? A. Male to female ratioB. Difference in wing sizeC. Higher mean weightD . Average of wing anglearrow_forwardWhich statement least applies to the concept of fitness? A. Measures of fitness include mating sucess and fecundity. B. It is trait featured among organisms which survived a bottleneck event. C. Reproductive sucess of individuals can be enhanced by their social behaviors within a group. D. Fitness among individuals in a population can vary due to differential reproduction.arrow_forwardYou are studying a population of mulberry plants. The average mulberry produces 55 leaves, but an insect herbivore preferentially kills plants with more leaves, and therefore the remaining population has an average of 35 leaves after the insects kill certain plants due to the herbivory. The heritability of leaf number is 0.75. What is the response to the selection imposed by the insect herbivores? a. -10 leaves b. -20 leaves c. -15 leaves d. -5 leavesarrow_forward
- In a particular bird species who live socially, we sometimes see an individual in the social group helping to rear the offspring of its siblings, rather than finding a mate and reproducing itself. Describe the expected relative importance of direct and indirect fitness benefits to the individual helper, explain your answer. Explain how this same helper could improve its fitness by helping raise the offspring of an unrelated couple.arrow_forwardHelping kin raise offspring is one way individuals can increase their inclusive fitness. Imagine there is a family of birds. If any male individual breeds alone, they will have three offspring. If a beta (B) male helps an alpha (A) male, then beta will have no offspring. If an alpha is helped by a beta, then alpha will have eight offspring. At which generation does it no longer benefit beta to help alpha? Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 A A A B Вarrow_forwardDarwinian fitness is a measure of a. survival. b. reproductive success. c. heterozygosity of the gene pool. d. polymorphisms in a population.arrow_forward
- In Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour, V.C. Wynne-Edwards suggested that animals act cooperatively and restrain their reproduction to a level sustainable by the environment. George C Williams argued that this was unlikely because ... A. animals are not able to gauge what level is sustainable B. there is little variation among individuals in reproductive output C. natural selection will favour individuals that reproduce above the sustainable level D. resource depletion is unlikely in naturearrow_forwardA social interaction between an actor and a recipient can influence their relative fitness. When the outcome of such an interaction brings harm to both participants, the action is described as being _________. A. asymbiotic. B. spiteful. C. antagonistic. D. selfish.arrow_forwardIndividuals in a population of sunflowers have a range of flower sizes, and the average diameter of their flowers is 5 cm. What effect would selection have on flower diameter in this population of sunflowers? A. The average flower diameter may not change if the population is under disruptive selection. B. Small flowers are favoured if the population is under disruptive selection. C. The average flower diameter will increase if the population is under stabilizing selection. D. Large flowers are favoured if the allele for flower size is dominant when the population is under directional selection.arrow_forward
- In some groups of marmosets, juveniles stick around to help their parents raise their young siblings. In doing so, they forego dispersal to a new group. Given this information, and this information only, what can be said of this behavior: O a. The juveniles have made a decision to maximize their inclusive fitness. O b. This scenario supports the Group Augmentation Hypothesis. O c. The juveniles have made a decision that increases their indirect fitness. O d. The juveniles have made a decision that maximizes their direct fitness. O e. This scenario supports the Temporal Variability Hypothesis.arrow_forwardThis hypothesis assumes that among male variation in the expression of ornaments reliably signals individual differences in overall quality of the males. It predicts that choosy females will produce offspring with higher survivorship or in better condition than those of less choosy females. A. Good genes process B. Bateman's principle C. Fisher-Zahavi process D. Fisher's runaway modelarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a question about mechanism (not function)? A. What stimuli triggers a mother bird to feed her nestling? B. How does parental care benefit the mother's inclusive fitness? C. Why do some species have parental care but not others? D. Do mother birds get better at caring for their offspring over time?arrow_forward
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