Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259709999
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 28, Problem 10SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
Steps for the formation of the symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legumes.
Introduction:
The symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legumes for agricultural purpose is very crucial. They multiply in the nodules (on roots), endosymbiotically. Rhizobium fixes thenitrogen almost 10 times more than the non-symbiotic organisms.
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One of the most widely known symbioses between microorganisms and plants is that of rhizobia and legumes. The basis of this mutualistic, symbiotic relationship can be described by which of the following statements?
Actually, all of these are accurate descriptions of the symbiosis between rhizobia and plants.
Rhizobia help the plants expand access to minerals in the soil while the plant protects the rhizobia from predators and viruses.
The rhizobia will conduct photosynthesis which allow the plants to access carbon without having to deplete their own energy to do carbon fixation.
The rhizobia fix nitrogen for the plant while the plant fixes carbon which it shares with the rhizobia.
The rhizobia will produce oxygen which will help the soil to maintain oxygenation and thus avoid pathogens.
Symbiosis is a close relationship between different species where at least one requires the other for survival. Parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism are the major types of symbiosis. Why is the relationship between Rhizobium and its host considered mutualism and not one of the other types of symbiosis?
Glomeromycota help extract resources for plants to grow. The plant provides the
Glomeromycota with carbohydrates in exchange. This is an example of a:
a) Saprotroph
b) Symbiote
c) Predator
d) Parasite
Chapter 28 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Ch. 28 -
1. Describe why a microbial mat has green,...Ch. 28 -
2. How do bacteriocins benefit bacteria in their...Ch. 28 - Prob. 3SACh. 28 - What is the role of genetic databases in...Ch. 28 - Prob. 5SACh. 28 - Prob. 6SACh. 28 - Prob. 7SACh. 28 - Prob. 8SACh. 28 - Give examples of free-living and symbiotic...Ch. 28 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 28 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28 - Which of the following is false? a) Culture...Ch. 28 -
3. Which of the following pairs that relate to...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4MCCh. 28 - Prob. 5MCCh. 28 - Prob. 6MCCh. 28 - Prob. 7MCCh. 28 -
8. Energy for ecosystems can come from
a)...Ch. 28 -
9. Mycorrhizas represent associations between...Ch. 28 - In symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia and...Ch. 28 - Prob. 1ACh. 28 - Prob. 2ACh. 28 - Prob. 1CTCh. 28 - Prob. 2CT
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- Determine if the following statements are true and false. (a) Mycorrhizae exhibit non-symbiotic relatiionship.(b) All biotic relationships are symbiotic.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the relationship between Rhizobium and Agrobacterium spp. and plantsarrow_forwardThe microorganisms responsible for symbiotically fixing nitrogen in the nodules on the roots of legume plants are: bacteria actinomycetes algae fungi O autotrophsarrow_forward
- Give a complete definition of mycorrhizae, citing the two main classes and the differences between them.arrow_forwardExamine the image of a lichen (“Lichen Thallus”) and identify the symbiotic algal cells among the hyphae (Fig. 8.6.).arrow_forwardSoil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic) and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems? A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.arrow_forward
- How do plants benefit from symbiotic associations with bacteria? With fungi? (answer must not exceed one paragraph)arrow_forwardGive the significance of mycorrhizal association to the host plant and to the fungi.arrow_forwardDefine saprobe and parasite, and explain why these terms can be an oversimplification.arrow_forward
- Discuss the three stages in the formation of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing associations in legumes.arrow_forwardWhich is false among A-E regarding symbiotic nitrogen fixation? A) O Initiation of the symbiosis involves communication between the plant and bacteria B)O Within the plant, the bacteria differentiate into N2 fixing bacteroids C) O The N2-fixation process is sensitive to oxygen. D) O The bacteria infect the root of the plant via an infection thread. E) O None are false; A-E are all true,arrow_forwardDescribe the two symbiotic relationships between a fungus and another organism along with the explanation that how each partner is affected by the association.arrow_forward
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