(a)
Interpretation:
An element with greatest
Concept introduction:
Electron affinity:
In a gaseous state isolated neutral atom, energy released when an electron is introduced in outermost shell is known as electron affinity. Greater the negative value of electron affinity, the atom has more tendency to accept an electron.
(b)
Interpretation:
An ion with largest ionic radii in the given set has to be identified and explained.
Concept introduction:
Ionic radii:
It is the half of the distance between two ions which are close together. The size of ions depends on charges of the ions. Ions with positive charge called cations are smaller in size than negative charged anions.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
- Which of the four atoms Na, P, Cl, or K (a) has the largest atomic radius? (b) has the highest ionization energy? (c) is the most electronegative?arrow_forwardBoron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forwardla) For each of the following pairs indicate which element you would expect to have the larger First Ionization Energy and which one would have the larger radius: (a) Ca and Cl; (b) Sn and Tl; (c) Ba and Bi (d) Fr and Cs b) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 0²- and O; (b) N³ and Mg²+ (c) Al3* and Al ne Elearrow_forward
- Arrange the following chemical species in order of increasing atomic radius. Explainyour arrangement in each case.(a) K, Mg, Ca, Aℓ(b) F–, S2–, Cℓ–.arrow_forwardQ1. This question is about atomic structure. (a) Write the full electron configuration for each of the following species. CH Fe2+ (b) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of manganese is measured. (c) State which of the elements magnesium and aluminium has the lower first ionisation energy Explain your answer. (d) A sample of nickel was analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The sample was ionised by electron impact ionisation. The spectrum produced showed three peaks with abundances as set out in the table. m/z Abundance /% 58 61.0 60 29.1 61 9.9 Give the symbol, including mass number, of the ion that would reach the detector first in the sample. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the nickel in the sample. Give your answer to one decimal place. Page 2 of 12 Symbol of ion Relative atomic massarrow_forwardList the following ions in order of increasing radius: Li+, Mg2+, Br–, Te2–.arrow_forward
- Arrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 4 elements V, Ge, and K (b) the Group 5A elements N, As, and Bi Arrange in order of increasing atomic size. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 3 elements Mg, Si, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Ba, and Srarrow_forwardUsing only the periodic table, arrange each set of atoms inorder of increasing radius: (a) Ba, Ca, Na; (b) In, Sn, As; (c) Al,Be, Si.arrow_forwardb) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 02 and O; (b) N³ and Mg2+ (c) Al3* and Alarrow_forward
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