Concept explainers
To review:
The division of autonomic nervous system predominates in two different situations: (a) An individual is hiking on a trail and suddenly a bear appears in your path and (b) It is a hot and sunny day, finding a tree you sit under.
Introduction:
The ANS (autonomic nervous system) is the part of the human’s nervous system that play a critical role in the control of the involuntary actions of the body. Nerves, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, endocrine glands, and some exocrine glands constitute the autonomic nervous system. It further, has two divisions, namely, parasympathetic and sympathetic, which have opposite actions controlling the involuntary actions of the body in opposite situation.
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
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- Jacqueline is six years old, and learns lots of new things in her kindergarten class. The past three weeks, her teachers have helped her use scissors every day to grow her abilities with them and work towards cutting more complex shapes. This type of learning would be most hindered by damage to which brain region? basal ganglia occipitotemporal cortex dorsomedial thalamus cerebellumarrow_forwardYou are walking to class, pondering the intricacies of physiology, when you trip over an uneven place in the sidewalk and fall. Unhurt but embarrassed and angry, you jump up and glance around to see if anyone is watching. From your knowledge of neuroanatomy and function, explain how the following areas of the brain might be involved in this scenario: cerebrum cerebellum limbic systemarrow_forwardBased on the attached figure (Fig. 18.7B in the textbook), what would an increase in activation of D1 receptor-expressing spiny neurons in the striatum cause in downstream basal ganglia structures? Direct and indirect pathways Substantia D1 nigra pars D2 compacta (transient) Frontal cortex Cerebral cortex (transient) + (transient) + (transient) Caudate/putamen VA/VL complex of thalamus (transient) (transient) Globus pallidus, Globus pallidus, external segment internal segment 0 (tonic) (tonic) + (transient) Subthalamic nucleus OA. decreased activity in the globus pallidus external segment (GPe B. decreased activity in the cortex C. increased activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) D. decreased activity in the thalamus E. decreased activity in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPI) Parafascicular nucleusarrow_forward
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ 3Dmovies) to learn about the side effects of 3-D movies. As discussed in this video, movies that are shot in 3-D can cause motion sickness, which elicits the autonomic symptoms of nausea and sweating. The disconnection between the perceived motion on the screen and the lack of any change in equilibrium stimulates these symptoms. Why do you think sitting close to the screen or right in the middle of the theater makes motion sickness during a 3-D movie worse?arrow_forwardFunctions of basal ganglia include all the following, except :-a- planning and programming of voluntary movementsb- initiation of reflex movement.c- postural regulationd- executing learned pattern of movement.arrow_forwardSubjecting neurons in the perforant pathway to tetanus stimulation strengthens activity in the dentate gyrus, indicating that long-term potentiation does not occur in the hippocampus. the hippocampus is involved in memory. synapses in the brain do not behave like Hebbian synapses. synapses in the brain can behave like Hebbian synapses.arrow_forward
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