(a) Interpretation: It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal ( C 4 H 8 O ) can be replaced by C l atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C 4 H 7 ClO . Concept introduction: Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

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Draw and name the five cycloalkane structures of formula C5H10. Can any of these structures give rise to geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? If so, show the cis and trans stereoisomers

1. The structure of compound A is shown below. он NH2 (a) Redraw the above structure in the form of expanded and condensed structures. (b) Determine the number of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbon atom that can be found in the compound. (c) Redraw, circle and name the functional groups present in the compound. (d) State the possible type of stereoisomerism of the compound and draw the appropriate structures to describe the isomerism.

Cyclopropane (C3H6, a three-membered ring) is more reactive than most other cycloalkanes.(a) Draw a Lewis structure for cyclopropane.(b) Compare the bond angles of the carbon atoms in cyclopropane with those in an acyclic (noncyclic) alkane.(c) Suggest why cyclopropane is so reactive.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.75P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield constitution isomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield enantiomers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms on the wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in butanal (C4H8O) can be replaced by Cl atoms to yield conformers having the molecular formula C4H7ClO.

Concept introduction:

Conformers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms but which can be interconverted by rotations around single bonds only. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom having more than two identical groups or atoms will yield conformational isomers.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.3P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.7P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains constitutional isomers, which have the same molecular formula but different connectivity.

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