Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in
Concept introduction:
Constitutional isomers are the isomers having the same molecular formula but different connectivity. For the given structure, replacing the hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms would generate constitutional isomers.
(b)
Interpretation:
It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in
Concept introduction:
Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Enantiomers are the type of constitutional isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. For the given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms on wedge and dash bond by halogen atoms attached to the same carbon atoms would generate enantiomers.
(c)
Interpretation:
It is to be identified which two hydrogen atoms in
Concept introduction:
Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers which have the same connectivity of atoms and which can’t be interconverted by rotations around single bonds. Diastereomers are the type of constitutional isomers which are not mirror images of each other. Cis-trans isomers are diastereomers of each other. Cis isomers are the ones in which two top-priority substituents are linked to the same side of the double bond. Trans isomers are the ones in which two top-priority substituents are attached to the opposite sides of the double bond. For any given structure, replacing hydrogen atoms attached to any one doubly bonded carbon atom would generate diastereomers.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- There are 17 possible alkene isomers with the formula C6H12. Draw structures of the five isomers in which the longest chain has six carbon atoms, and give the name of each. Are any of these isomers chiral? (There are also eight isomers in which the longest chain has five carbon atoms, and four isomers in which the longest chain has four carbon atoms. How many can you find?)arrow_forwardThis question is about the chemistry of alkenes, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons. (a) State what is meant by the term unsaturated as applied to a hydrocarbon. (1) (b) An organic compound, X, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with molecular formula CH₂. (i) Draw the displayed formulae and give the names of two molecules with molecular formula C₂H, which are E/Z isomers. (3) Isomer 1 Isomer 2 Name: Name:arrow_forwardDraw the structure of a hydrocarbon with molecular formula C6H10 that also contains: (a) a carbon–carbon triple bond; (b) two carbon–carbon double bonds; (c) one ring and one C=C.arrow_forward
- Name or write the condensed structural formula for the fol- lowing compounds: (a) trans-2-pentene (b) 2,5-dimethyl-4-octene (c) CH3 CH;CHCH,CH3 C=C `H. CH;CH2, H СООН H CH3 CH CH3 CH3 `CH2 (d)arrow_forward(a) Draw the condensed structural formulas for the cis andtrans isomers of 2-pentene. (b) Can cyclopentene exhibitcis–trans isomerism? Explain. (c) Does 1-pentyne haveenantiomers? Explain.arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures and describe the molecular geometry at each carbon atom in the following compounds:(a) cis-3-hexene(b) cis-1-chloro-2-bromoethene(c) 2-pentyne(d) trans-6-ethyl-7-methyl-2-octenearrow_forward
- What structural features help us identify a compound as(a) an alkane, (b) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene, (d) an alkyne,(e) a saturated hydrocarbon, (f) an aromatic hydrocarbon?arrow_forwardWrite the line-angle formula for the organic compounds (a) propene; (b) heptan-1-ol;(c) chloroacetic acid; (d) hexanoic acid.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE (a) A functional group is a group of atoms in an organic molecule that undergoes a predictable set of chemical reactions. (b) The functional group of an alcohol, an aldehyde, and a ketone have in common the fact that each contains a single oxygen atom. (c) A primary alcohol has one —OH group, a secondary alcohol has two —OH groups, and a tertiary alcohol has three —OH groups. (d) There are two alcohols with the molecular formula C3H8O. (e) There are three amines with the molecular formula C3H9N. (f) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters all contain a carbonyl group. (g) A compound with the molecular formula of C3H6O may be either an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid. (h) Bond angles about the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an ester are all approximately 109.5°. (i) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (j) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic…arrow_forward
- Draw the structures for (a) 2-methyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and (b) 1,6-dimethoxyhexa-1,5-diene.arrow_forwardDraw structures that fit each description and name the functional group in each molecule: (a) two constitutional isomers with molecular formula C5H10O that contain different functional groups; (b) two constitutional isomers with molecular formula C6H10O that contain the same functional group.arrow_forward1. The structure of compound A is shown below. он NH2 (a) Redraw the above structure in the form of expanded and condensed structures. (b) Determine the number of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbon atom that can be found in the compound. (c) Redraw, circle and name the functional groups present in the compound. (d) State the possible type of stereoisomerism of the compound and draw the appropriate structures to describe the isomerism.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning