Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 10Q
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Metabolic pathways are constituted of a series of
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Which statement is/are TRUE about inhibitors?
A. Mode of action of penicillin on bacteria is an example of irreversible inhibition.
B. Increasing the substrate concentration does not affect competitive inhibitors
C. Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the enzyme-substrate complex
D. In the Lineweaver-Burke plot, the lines for enzymes in the presence and absence of noncompetitive inhibitor have different x-intercepts.
An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following? a. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, increasing its affinity for substrate binding. b. Binds to the active site and blocks it from binding substrate. c. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate. d. Binds directly to the active site and mimics the substrate.
Zymogens are NOT enzymatically active, because
O A. they are not yet shaped such that essential proximity and orientation catalysis can occur.
B. the active site amino acids have been mutated.
O C. they have not yet bound the proper cofactor
D. they are always smaller than active enzymes.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 7.1 - Describe the relationship among metabolism,...Ch. 7.1 - Fully describe the structure and function of...Ch. 7.1 - Differentiate between constitutive and regulated...Ch. 7.1 - Diagram four major patterns of metabolic pathways.Ch. 7.1 - Describe how enzymes are controlled.Ch. 7.1 - NCLEX PREP 2. An enzyme that catalyzes starch is...Ch. 7.2 - Name the chemical in which energy is stored in...Ch. 7.2 - Create a general diagram of a redox reaction.Ch. 7.2 - Identify electron carriers used by cells.Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3NP
Ch. 7.3 - Name the three main catabolic pathways and the...Ch. 7.3 - Construct a paragraph summarizing glycolysis.Ch. 7.3 - Describe the Krebs cycle, with emphasis on what...Ch. 7.3 - Discuss the significance of the electron transport...Ch. 7.3 - State two ways in which anaerobic respiration...Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the steps of microbial fermentation, and...Ch. 7.3 - Describe how noncarbohydrate compounds are...Ch. 7.3 - Q. From this information, can you identify another...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 7.4 - Define amphibolism.Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2MMCh. 7 - NCLEX PREP 1. Which of the following is/are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1QCh. 7 - Prob. 2QCh. 7 - Prob. 3QCh. 7 - Prob. 4QCh. 7 - Prob. 5QCh. 7 - Prob. 6QCh. 7 - Prob. 7QCh. 7 - Prob. 8QCh. 7 - Prob. 9QCh. 7 - Prob. 10QCh. 7 - Prob. 11QCh. 7 - Prob. 12QCh. 7 - Prob. 13QCh. 7 - Prob. 14QCh. 7 - Prob. 15QCh. 7 - Prob. 16QCh. 7 - Defend this statement: Microbes (and their...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18QCh. 7 - Prob. 19QCh. 7 - Prob. 20QCh. 7 - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a lab...Ch. 7 - From chapter 3, figure 3.15. On these depictions...
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- A noncompetitive inhibition is best overcome (or reversed) by: A. Increasing [enzyme] B. Increasing [product] C. Increasing [Substrate] D. All of the abovearrow_forwardSulfa drugs can be effective in limiting bacterial infections in humans while not producing toxic effects within human cells. Sulfa drugs most likely as as which of the following? a. noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme required by bacteria but not human cells b. allosteric effector increasing catalytic action of a bacterial enzyme c. positive allosteric effector of an enzyme in bacterial cell wall synthesis d. competitive inhibitor of an enzyme required by bacteria but not human cellsarrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following statements describes a reversible competitive inhibitor, a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor, or an irreversible inhibitor. More than one answer may apply.a. Both inhibitor and substrate bind at the active site on a random basis.b. The inhibitor effect cannot be reversed by the addition of more substrate.c. Inhibitor structure does not have to resemble substrate structure.d. The inhibitor and substrate can bind to the enzyme simultaneouslyarrow_forward
- Proteases are one of the main drug targets. Choose the False statement regarding proteases. A. Proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds. B. Water is a reactant in the reaction catalyzed by proteases. C. Proteases, like all enzymes show substrate specificity, meaning they cleave only substate that fit the bonding product. D. Proteases rely on the proton transfer from NADH to the substrate. E. Protease mechanism involves only acid-base catalysis.arrow_forwardMost synthetic reactions in which carbon dioxide is used require vitamin biotin. The biotin becomes covalently bound to a lysine molecule that is part of an enzyme, and the biotin can then attach to and carry the carbon dioxide molecule. Biotin is best referred to as: a. Prosthetic group b. Enzyme inhibitor c. Competitive inhibitor d. Organic acid e. Non-competitive inhibitorarrow_forwardAn uncatalyzed reaction has a rate of 6.2x10-7 sec-1. When an enzyme is added the rate is 1.2x104 sec-1. Calculate rate of enhancement caused by enzyme. Options are: A. 1.9x1010 B. 5.2x10-11 C. 7.4x10-3 D. The data are not appropriate for calculation requested. E. 1.2x104arrow_forward
- In an experiment, three batches of the same enzyme were incubated with 5 mM of substrate and 2 mM of inhibitor. In each batch, the inhibitor was of a different type: a.Batch 1: competitive inhibitor b.Batch 2:uncompetitive inhibitor c.Batch 3:non-competitive inhibitor Assuming that Vmax = 80 mM s', Km = 8 mM, and Kiof all three inhibitors was 10 mM, which of the inhibitors was the most efficient on Vo? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. genetic control b. proenzyme c. zymogen d. positive cooperativity e. negative cooperativityarrow_forwardAn inhibitor that reversibly binds to a site other than the enzyme's active site is called a(n) a. noncompetitive inhibitor b. competitive inhibitor c. antagonisitc inhibitor d. antibioticarrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following statements about an enzyme active site is true or false. a. It is the location where substrate molecules are produced. b. It always has a fixed, rigid geometry. c. It always has a geometrical shape exactly complementary to that of substrate. d. It always accomodates several structurally related substrates. e. It is the location where substrate molecules are converted to product molecules. f. It always has a shape that has a degree of flexibility to it. g. it always accomodates only one specific substrate.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about enzyme regulation is NOT true? a. covalent modification is one type of enzyme regulation. b. biologically most important type of regulation is standard inhibition. c. allosteric regulation can involved feedback inhibition. d. some types of enzume regulation are not widely used in biology. e. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? a. Plotting the rate of facilitated transport against substrates gives a sigmoidal curve b. Facilitated carrier proteins can be saturated by substrates c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B The catalytic triad of chymotrypsin and other serine proteases consists of _________ A. three subunits of the enzyme. B. three amino acid residues close enough in space to make serine a strong nucleophile. C. three enzymes with very similar structural features. D. three amino acid residues adjacent in the primary structure which act to make serine a strong nucleophile. E. None of the above.arrow_forward
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