BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 7, Problem 11WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The ways by which a roundworm cell is able to silence the unneeded genes.
Introduction:
Gene silencing is a mechanism of reducing the expression of a particular gene. It can be done either during transcription or translation. Caenorhabditis elegans consists of 556 cells at the time of hatching, but each cell expresses only a subset of the genes, and they become specialized only in a particular function.
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You are interested in the effects of mutations on the expression of a human protein-
encoding gene expressed in skin cells. The gene has one intron that is 450
nucleotides long. After this intron is removed from the pre-mRNA, the mRNA
transcript is 1100 nucleotides in length. Diploid somatic cells have two copies of this
gene. Predict the size and amount of mRNA from the cytosol of skin cells, which
were obtained from the following individuals:
• Individual 1: Normal individual with no mutations in this gene.
• Individual 2: Homozygous for a deletion that removes the -10 to -100 region of
the gene that encodes this mRNA.
• Individual 3: Heterozygous in which one gene is normal and the other gene has a
deletion that removes the -10 to -100 region.
• Individual 4: Homozygous for a five-nucleotide deletion in the intron that
removes the GT sequence at the 5' splice site.
Explain your answers.
List the following steps of gene expression in eukaryotes in chronological order. Also indicate which events take place in the nucleus and which take place in the cytoplasm.
RNA processing, transcription, translation, RNA breakdown into nucleotides
Consider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA
produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein.
What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts.
Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma.
x
5
Chapter 7 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5MC
Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 7.9 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.9 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7.10 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7 - If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATTGTCC,...Ch. 7 - Transcription copies a _____ to a complementary...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 7 - At which stage in viral replication does the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 7 - How many codons are in the mRNA molecule that you...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 13WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 17WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 18WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 19WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 20WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 21WIOCh. 7 - Prob. 1SLCh. 7 - Prob. 1PITCh. 7 - Where do promoters, terminators, stop codons,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3PITCh. 7 - Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the...
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- a) b) c) d) Spongebob's dream is to become like Larry the lobster, a strong, handsome bodybuilder. He tries going to the gym but only ends up breaking his whole upper limb. After healing, he decides to start taking steroids. His muscles increase proportionately in size to the point of him dying. How do steroids bind and signal and what could be a reason he died? Surface; transcription of wrong gene expression Surface; Altering function of proteins for the worse Intracellular; Altering function of proteins for the worse Intracellular; transcription of wrong gene expressionarrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.arrow_forwardAnother way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryoarrow_forward
- A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete promoter, a wildtype nucleotide sequence and a polyadenylation sequence. However, the gene does not produce a functional protein. Part A: List up to five reasons why this gene is not expressed in E. coli. Part B: What changes do you recommend that would facilitate expression of the eukaryotic gene in E. coli.arrow_forwardGiven the following schematic for a gene and its associated regulatory regions, answer the following questions by placing the correct letter in the provided blanks please put in the correct letter for the questions What region would provide cell type-specific expression of genes? region What site would significantly increase gene expression rates? = region What region or regions of this gene’s coding sequence are expressed as amino acids = regionarrow_forwardFollowing are the characteristics of organoids, except: Organoids are in vitro 3D clusters of cells deriving exclusively from primary tissue or stem cells Organoids are capable of self-renewal and self-organization. 2D monolayer cultures are much closer to the in vivo situation than the organoids Spatially restricted cell-fate decisions contribute to self-organization in organoids.arrow_forward
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