Concept explainers
Culturing Microorganisms
One of Koch’s postulates for demonstrating that a certain agent causes a specific disease requires that microorganisms be isolated and cultivated (Chapter 1). Medical laboratory personnel must also grow pathogens as a step in the diagnosis of many diseases. To cultivate or culture microorganisms, a sample called an inoculum (plural: inocula) is introduced into a collection of
Clinical Case Study Cavities Gone Wild
Five-year-old Daniel appears to be shy. He always looks at the floor, has no friends, never plays with the other children, and will rarely speak to adults. When he does speak, it is difficult to understand his broken enunciation. His skinny frame and the dark circles under his eyes make him appear malnourished. Daniel cries frequently and misses many days of school.
A speech specialist at school finds that only two of Daniel’s teeth are healthy; all the others have rotted away to the gum line. The little guy is in constant pain, and it hurts to chew. A doctor later determines that bacteria from the cavities in his mouth have entered his bloodstream and infected his heart, causing an irregular heartbeat and poor blood circulation.
- 1. How does knowledge of biofilms help explain the bulk of Daniel’s problems?
- 2. What can Daniel, his parents, and health care professionals do to cure his diseases?
- 3. What is the scientific name of the nutrient that Daniel’s parents should eliminate from his diet to help prevent a repeat of this condition?
- 4. A recent study has shown that brushing does more than clean plaque from the teeth; it also disrupts associations between oral bacteria. How does this simple act help prevent the formation of biofilms?
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Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
- The preventive medical examination of the nursery school workers revealed 4 nuclei cysts in the stool samples of the some persons. Cysts were the same size and round shape. The diagnosis was amoebic dysentery. The outpatient treatment was prescript for those workers. Other workers should follow recommendations for the amoebiasis prevention. What is the base way of amoebiasis prevention? Select one: a. Water purification O b. Ground purification c. Heat treatment of food and water d. Water supply control e. Protection from blood sucking insectsarrow_forwardThis is how a hanging-drop slide is prepared. Figure from Macedo, Wikimedia Commons, 2016. 2 3 4 slide cover slip vaseline concavity drop of microbiological culture CA inoculation loop 11. Which slide gives you more information, the hanging drop or the stained slide? Why do you say so? 12. Why might it be valuable to know whether a bacterium is motile?arrow_forwardPLEASE answer the 2 with no much explanation Culture media is sterilized after the inoculation of microbes to ensure optimal growth of target microorganisms True False Microwave oven available in the laboratory can be used to heat culture media, as well as food for lunch. True Falsearrow_forward
- Which of these microbial structures is the most difficult to kill when attempting to sterilize instruments? bacterial spores Mycobacterium pneumoniae protozoal cysts fungal sporesarrow_forward1-________terms describe the form of bacterial colonies on nutrient agar plate. 2- ______ is a terms to describe the surface growth of bacterial on nutrient broth tube.arrow_forwardWhat are 3 possible errors that could take place as you culture your samples which could lead to contamination? State 3 and explain why. Microbiology classarrow_forward
- MacConkey agar plates represent ________ medium. a differential a minimal a selective both a differential and a selective both a minimal and a selectivearrow_forwardLAB SECTION I WAS PRESENT AND PERFORMED THIS EXERCISE (INITIALS) The Lethal Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Microbial Growth OBSERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS Enter your class data below. Score the relative amount of growth on each plate. Use the numbers 0, 1, 2, or 3 (0 is no growth; 3 is abundant growth). Organism B. subtilis 5 seconds Imin 5+ 1 3 minutes 10 minutes 10 seconds 5+ 3min 30 seconds 5min 4+ minute 10min S. aureus 5 + 3 + 4 니- + 2 1 Micrococcus 1 10 sec 4 M 31m 10min 3'ın Questions of this exercise is to demonstrate the comparative effect of UV on two bacterial populations. The purpose This could have been accomplished without the cardboard cover. Why was the cover used? control site 1 Expe SECTION TWO MICROBIAL GROWTH DATA SHEET 2-1arrow_forwardThe agent of gas gangrene is classified as an based on its oxygen sensitivity so in addition to antibiotics and debrideent, hyperbaric oxygen is commonly used in the treatment of gas gangrene. This organism can persist in the outside environment under extreme harsh conditions which include the presence of high levels of atmospheric oxygen because it is able to form an (seen as the absence of color in the Gram stain) which will germinate when introduced into environments such as deep muscle tissue with minimal levels of oxygen, lots of water, and lots of nutrients.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding microbial death is FALSE? Question options: cell walls are targeted by many microbial control agents the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent is a funciton of its microbial death rate the rate at which microbes are killed is termed the microbial death rate all of these statements are TRUE few antimicrobial agents function through the disruption of protein structure under a given set of conditions, the fraction of a microbial population that dies per minute is typically constant over timearrow_forwardThe survival, growth and reproduction of microorganisms are influenced by physical and nutritional factors in its environment. Give the principle of microbial destruction/microbe population control behind sunbathing sleeping mats and pillowsarrow_forwardA SAB agar plate is exposed to air for 30 minutes and then incubated. The 10 colonies which grew on SAB plate are most likely both yeast and mold colonies yeast colonies only bacterial colonies only fungal, bacterial, and protozoal coloniesarrow_forward
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