Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 13, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

The necessity of anaerobic conditions for the beer production and the reason behind the production of a vast quantity of ethanol with a relatively small production of yeast biomass.

Introduction:

Fermentation is one of the three types of catabolism. In this process, the food is partially broken down and there is no net transfer of electrons to the terminal inorganic electron acceptor. During fermentation, the larger molecules are broken down into more stable smaller molecules with the release of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The ATP production in this reaction is very low.

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Describe at least one way that we utilize alcohol fermentation by yeast to make a food or beverage product.
Switchgrass is used for ethanol production. The composition of the switchgrass is 37% cellulose, 24% xylan, 3% galactan, 4% arabinan, 20% lignin, 7% extractives, and 5% ash. A dilute acid pretreatment method is applied to the switchgrass before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The pretreatment hydrolyzes 10% hexosan and 90% pentosan into monomeric sugars. Approximately 30% of the hydrolyzed pentoses further react & are decomposed to furfural. Assume that there is no decomposition of the hydrolyzed hexoses. Further Assume that lignin, extractives, and ash do not change during the pretreatment. • How much of each lignocellulosic sugar (glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose) is produced when pretreating 1,000 kg (dry matter) switchgrass? How much furfural is formed? • Is water consumed or produced in these pretreatment hydrolysis and dehydration reactions? How much in each?
Why does the fermentation process produce solutions of only 10 - 15% ethanol?
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